Species
+

Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn. ex Benth.

Akashmoni, Common Acacia, Darwin black wattle, Darwin black wattle

Climate known 87 photographs
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Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Acacia auriculiformis, commonly known as ear-pod wattle, northern black wattle or Darwin black wattle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is native to Maluku, New Guinea, the Northern Territory and Queensland. It is a tree with smooth bark, very narrowly elliptic phyllodes, spikes of bright yellow to golden-yellow flowers, and strongly curved to spirally coiled, leathery to woody pods up to 80 mm (3.1 in) long.

Text from Wikipedia, “Acacia auriculiformis”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Acacia

Acacia, commonly known as wattles or acacias, is a genus of about 1,084 species of shrubs and trees in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the pea family Fabaceae. Initially, it comprised a group of plant species native to Africa, South America, and Australasia, but is now reserved for species mainly from Australia, with others from New Guinea, Southeast Asia, and the Indian Ocean.

Text from Wikipedia, “Acacia”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Fabaceae
Described by
A.Cunn. ex Benth.
Native to
Maluku, New Guinea, Northern Territory +1
Wild records
691 in range· 652 open

At a glance

Warmest month
32°C
Oct, mean day; nights 25 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
1529mm/yr
7 wet months · peak Jan 347 mm (CHELSA)
Light
33–44DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Rain rule: a summer growing season, June to September in the northern hemisphere (December to March at the habitat, southern). Habitat rain 1529 mm a year, wettest January at 347 mm, driest July at 3 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 33 to 44 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 14.3 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Acacia auriculaeformis Benth.; Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn.; Racosperma auriculiforme (A.Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: a summer growing season, June to September in the northern hemisphere (December to March at the habitat, southern).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the year's rain (1213 mm of 1529 mm) falls in December to March, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 27.8 °C against a yearly mean of 26.9 °C). Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: June to September.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 1529 mm a year, wettest January at 347 mm, driest July at 3 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

1529 mm a year at the habitat, 1213 mm of it December to March. Wettest month January at 347 mm, driest July at 3 mm; 3 months under 5 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 1196 mm to 1936 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 33 to 44 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 33 to 44 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 27, the highest 90th-percentile month 46).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 14.3 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 14.3 °C, the absolute minimum 10.5 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 41.2 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 19.6 °C in July (across the envelope cells 17.0 °C to 23.2 °C), warmest day 32.4 °C in October (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 14.3 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 54 to 66% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 29 °C in Jul to 32 °C in Oct; mean night from 20 °C in Jul to 25 °C in Nov. The cold quarter, Jun to Aug, is the three months around the coldest night. 1529 mm of rain a year, most in Jan. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 454 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was 10.5 °C and the 99th-percentile day 41.2 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.10°20°30°40°50°41.2° 99th-percentile day (undated)10.5° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500mm rainDLI 33–44RH 54–66 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 454 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C31 / 29–3230 / 29–3230 / 29–3331 / 28–3330 / 27–3329 / 26–3129 / 25–3130 / 26–3331 / 27–3532 / 28–3732 / 29–3632 / 29–34
Night °C25 / 24–2625 / 24–2624 / 23–2624 / 22–2623 / 20–2520 / 18–2420 / 17–2320 / 18–2323 / 20–2525 / 22–2625 / 23–2725 / 24–27
Rain mm347 / 263–440332 / 247–407277 / 187–332107 / 60–24618 / 11–1034 / 1–633 / 1–463 / 1–3513 / 3–2944 / 17–75124 / 66–164257 / 176–327
DLI35 / 33–3733 / 32–3535 / 32–3736 / 31–3735 / 29–3633 / 27–3435 / 27–3539 / 31–3942 / 37–4444 / 41–4643 / 41–4538 / 36–41
RH %65 / 63–6766 / 64–6864 / 60–6760 / 54–6657 / 50–6554 / 47–6455 / 46–6355 / 46–6358 / 48–6358 / 51–6360 / 56–6463 / 60–65

Each figure is the median across the 454 grid cells holding the 676 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 2046:6298 (-12.325, 134.925). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 10.5 °C, 1st-percentile night 14.3 °C, 99th-percentile day 41.2 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 454 distinct grid cells holding the 676 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2046:6298 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -12.50_135.000, lapse-corrected -15 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 28 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeMaluku, New Guinea, Northern Territory, Queensland· introduced: Benin, Guinea, Nigeria, Zaïre, Tanzania, Mauritius, Réunion, Oman, China Southeast, Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, West Himalaya, Andaman Is., Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Nicobar Is., Vietnam, Borneo, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Philippines, Solomon Is., Cook Is., Caroline Is., Hawaii, Florida, Panama, Bahamas, Leeward Is. AB Ant, Trinidad-Tobago, Windward Is.
Kew's description“tree” · “seasonally dry tropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker-12.454, 131.051 · in the densest population, 424 records (61% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 691 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 652 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 3 km away. 917 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 15 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 691 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Acacia auriculiformisAcacia auriculiformisAcacia auriculiformisAcacia auriculiformisAcacia auriculiformisAcacia auriculiformisAcacia auriculiformisAcacia auriculiformis

Photographs: no rights reserved · CC0; (c) HM Emon, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) Douglas Goldman, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (5).

Photographs: iNaturalist and Wikimedia Commons did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Acacia auriculiformis, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Plant Responses to Salt Stress: Adaptive Mechanisms
José Ramón Acosta‐Motos, M.F. Ortuño, Agustina Bernal‐Vicente, Pedro Díaz‐Vivancos (2017) · Agronomy
Trees and shrubs as invasive alien species – a global review
David M. Richardson, Marcel Rejmánek (2011) · Diversity and Distributions
A review of the antioxidant potential of medicinal plant species
Duduku Krishnaiah, Rosalam Sarbatly, Rajesh Nithyanandam (2010) · Food and Bioproducts Processing
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of salt stress: a review
Heikham Evelin, Rupam Kapoor, Bhoopander Giri (2009) · Annals of Botany
A review on nanoparticles: characteristics, synthesis, applications, and challenges
Khadijah A. Altammar (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology
Human and Animal Dirofilariasis: the Emergence of a Zoonotic Mosaic
Fernando Simón, Mar Siles‐Lucas, Rodrigo Morchón, Javier González‐Miguel (2012) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews
The amazing potential of fungi: 50 ways we can exploit fungi industrially
Kevin D. Hyde, Jianchu Xu, Sylvie Rapior, Rajesh Jeewon (2019) · Fungal Diversity
New Insights on Plant Salt Tolerance Mechanisms and Their Potential Use for Breeding
Moez Hanin, Chantal Ebel, Mariama Ngom, Laurent Laplaze (2016) · Frontiers in Plant Science
Plants’ Response Mechanisms to Salinity Stress
Thuvaraki Balasubramaniam, Guoxin Shen, Nardana Esmaeili, Hong Zhang (2023) · Plants
Regulated deficit irrigation for crop production under drought stress. A review
Qiang Chai, Yantai Gan, Cai Zhao, Hui-lian Xu (2015) · Agronomy for Sustainable Development
Silver Nanoparticles: Mechanism of Action and Probable Bio-Application
Е. О. Михайлова (2020) · Journal of Functional Biomaterials
Regulation by arbuscular mycorrhizae of the integrated physiological response to salinity in plants: new challenges in physiological and molecular studies
Juan Manuel Ruíz-Lozano, Rosa Porcel, Rosario Azcón, Ricardo Aroca (2012) · Journal of Experimental Botany

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

Other Acacia 10 in the reference

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive)
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 111 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.