Species
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Adenia stenodactyla Harms

Passifloraceae

Climate known 24 photographs Bulb, tuber or caudex
Add one to my plants Sow seed

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

About the genus · Adenia

Adenia is a genus of flowering plants in the passionflower family Passifloraceae. It contains about 100 species distributed in the Old World tropics and subtropics. The centers of diversity are in Madagascar, eastern and western tropical Africa, and Southeast Asia. More on Wikipedia ›

The opening of Wikipedia, “Adenia”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Passifloraceae
Described by
Harms
Native to
Tanzania, Mozambique, Zambia
Wild records
14 in range· 14 open

At a glance

Warmest month
27°C
Oct, mean day; nights 16 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
1207mm/yr
7 wet months · peak Jan 239 mm (CHELSA)
Light
31–44DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Grouped as a bulb, tuber or caudex by the genus Adenia, which is reliably one kind of plant (archetype table). Rain rule: a summer growing season, December to March at the habitat (not shifted). Habitat rain 1207 mm a year, wettest January at 239 mm, driest September at 4 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 31 to 44 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 8.4 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Adenia angustisecta Engl. & Harms; Adenia stenodactyla var. kondensis Harms.

Cultivation

Grouped as a bulb, tuber or caudex by the genus Adenia, which is reliably one kind of plant (archetype table). The table holds no figure for this group, which spans too much for one minimum; the cold floor is the habitat's alone, and no prose comes from the table.

Its year Rain rule: a summer growing season, December to March at the habitat (not shifted).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the year's rain (881 mm of 1207 mm) falls in December to March, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 20.7 °C against a yearly mean of 19.6 °C). Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere, within 10° of the equator; with no thermal season there there is no season to reverse, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 1207 mm a year, wettest January at 239 mm, driest September at 4 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

1207 mm a year at the habitat, 881 mm of it December to March. Wettest month January at 239 mm, driest September at 4 mm; 1 month under 5 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 929 mm to 1798 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 31 to 44 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 31 to 44 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 25, the highest 90th-percentile month 45).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 8.4 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 8.4 °C, the absolute minimum 5.9 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 32.7 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 11.9 °C in July (across the envelope cells 8.4 °C to 15.0 °C), warmest day 27.2 °C in October (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 8.4 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 55 to 66% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 23 °C in Jul to 27 °C in Oct; mean night from 12 °C in Jul to 17 °C in Feb. The cold quarter, Jun to Aug, is the three months around the coldest night. 1207 mm of rain a year, most in Jan. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 13 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was 5.9 °C and the 99th-percentile day 32.7 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.10°15°20°25°30°35°32.7° 99th-percentile day (undated)5.9° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400mm rainDLI 31–44RH 55–66 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 13 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C25 / 21–3025 / 21–2924 / 21–2924 / 20–2824 / 20–2823 / 18–2723 / 18–2724 / 20–2826 / 23–3027 / 24–3127 / 24–3225 / 22–30
Night °C17 / 14–2217 / 14–2217 / 14–2217 / 13–2015 / 12–1813 / 9–1612 / 8–1512 / 9–1614 / 12–1816 / 13–2017 / 14–2117 / 14–22
Rain mm239 / 182–291207 / 160–243218 / 191–337144 / 91–27338 / 14–8712 / 1–268 / 0–295 / 1–224 / 2–1624 / 8–4491 / 63–121217 / 171–275
DLI36 / 31–3735 / 30–3734 / 31–3734 / 31–3532 / 28–3431 / 25–3533 / 26–3637 / 31–3942 / 37–4344 / 39–4542 / 40–4337 / 33–40
RH %65 / 63–6966 / 63–7066 / 62–7265 / 60–7362 / 55–6960 / 52–6661 / 51–6459 / 50–6255 / 48–6055 / 48–6059 / 53–6263 / 60–66

Each figure is the median across the 13 grid cells holding the 13 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1964:4300 (-8.225, 35.025). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 5.9 °C, 1st-percentile night 8.4 °C, 99th-percentile day 32.7 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 13 distinct grid cells holding the 13 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1964:4300 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -8.00_35.000, lapse-corrected +203 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 1533 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeTanzania, Mozambique, Zambia
Kew's description“climbing caudex geophyte” · “seasonally dry tropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker-9.283, 33.617 · in the densest population, 8 records (57% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 14 georeferenced records inside the native range, all openly licensed and shown on the map. 1 in-range record is placed to worse than 10 km and stays on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 14 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Adenia stenodactylaAdenia stenodactylaAdenia stenodactylaAdenia stenodactylaAdenia stenodactylaAdenia stenodactylaAdenia stenodactylaAdenia stenodactyla

Photographs: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, CC BY, via GBIF (2); Meise Botanic Garden, CC BY, via GBIF (3); Naturalis Biodiversity Center, CC0, via GBIF (2); Carnegie Museum of Natural History, CC0, via GBIF.

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Adenia stenodactyla, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Ribosome-Inactivating and Related Proteins
Joachim Schrot, Alexander Weng, Matthias F. Melzig (2015) · Toxins
Immunotoxins Constructed with Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins and their Enhancers: A Lethal Cocktail with Tumor Specific Efficacy
Roger Gilabert‐Oriol, Alexander Weng, Benedicta von Mallinckrodt, Matthias F. Melzig (2014) · Current Pharmaceutical Design
Affinity Chromatography of Lectins
Jure Pohleven, Borut trukelj, Janko Kos (2012) · InTech eBooks
Bouganin, an Attractive Weapon for Immunotoxins
Massimo Bortolotti, Andrea Bolognesi, Letizia Polito (2018) · Toxins
Kirkiin: A New Toxic Type 2 Ribosome-Inactivating Protein from the Caudex of Adenia kirkii
Massimo Bortolotti, Stefania Maiello, José M. Ferreras, Rosario Iglesias (2021) · Toxins
Toxin and Immunotoxin Based Therapeutic Approaches
Massimo Bortolotti, Letizia Polito, Andrea Bolognesi (2022) · Toxins
Heterophyllin: A New Adenia Toxic Lectin with Peculiar Biological Properties
Massimo Bortolotti, Francesco Biscotti, Andrea Zanello, Letizia Polito (2023) · Toxins
Ricin Toxicity to Intestinal Cells Leads to Multiple Cell Death Pathways Mediated by Oxidative Stress
Francesco Biscotti, Massimo Bortolotti, Federica Falà, Antimo Di Maro (2025) · Toxins
Sequence, Structure, and Binding Site Analysis of Kirkiin in Comparison with Ricin and Other Type 2 RIPs
Stefania Maiello, Rosario Iglesias, Letizia Polito, Lucı́a Citores (2021) · Toxins

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

Other Adenia 96 in the reference

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive)
inat.photos.wild nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: api.gbif.org not asked: offline re-derivation
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 4 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.