Species
+

Aesculus hippocastanum L.

Běły jěrowc, Conker-tree, European horse chestnut, European horse chestnut

No habitat climate 76 photographs

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Aesculus hippocastanum, the horse chestnut, is a species of flowering plant in the maple, soapberry and lychee family Sapindaceae. It is a large, deciduous, synoecious (hermaphroditic-flowered) tree. It is also called horse-chestnut, European horsechestnut, buckeye, and conker tree. It is not to be confused with the sweet chestnut or Spanish chestnut, Castanea sativa, which is a tree in another family, Fagaceae.

Text from Wikipedia, “Aesculus hippocastanum”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Aesculus

The genus Aesculus is a genus of about 12 species of flowering plants in the family Sapindaceae. They are trees and shrubs, mostly native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The European and Asian species are known as horse-chestnut or horse chestnut, and the North American species as buckeye.

Text from Wikipedia, “Aesculus”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Sapindaceae
Described by
L.
Native to
Albania, Bulgaria, Greece +3
Wild records
2 in range· 0 open

Also known as Aesculus asplenifolia Loudon; Aesculus castanea Gilib.; Aesculus hippocastanum f. albovariegatum (Weston) Rehder; Aesculus hippocastanum f. baumannii C.K.Schneid.; Aesculus hippocastanum f. beaumanii (C.K.Schneid.) Dole and 29 more.

Cultivation

Nothing derived: no habitat climate for this species, and the archetype table has no figure for its genus or family.

Climate across the habitat

No habitat climate can be derived: Only 2 distinct land cells of the climate grid hold an in-range record; three are needed for an envelope.

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP.
No openly licensed record to show inside the range.
NativeAlbania, Bulgaria, Greece, Yugoslavia, Turkmenistan, Turkey· introduced: Great Britain, Ireland, Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland, France, Spain, Italy, Romania, Baltic States, Central European Russia, South European Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Bangladesh, New Zealand South, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec, Oregon, Washington, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode I., Vermont, West Virginia, Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, District of Columbia
Kew's description“tree” · “temperate”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 2 georeferenced records inside the native range; none carries a licence permitting republication, so the map shows no points. 768 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. Under a dozen records: treat the map as indicative. No climate envelope is derived for this species.

Photographs

Aesculus hippocastanumAesculus hippocastanumAesculus hippocastanumAesculus hippocastanumAesculus hippocastanumAesculus hippocastanumAesculus hippocastanumAesculus hippocastanum

Photographs: (c) Sandy Wolkenberg, some rights reserved (CC BY) (4); (c) Brian White, some rights reserved (CC BY) (4).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Aesculus hippocastanum, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: Antioxidant activity and health effects – A review
Fereidoon Shahidi, Priyatharini Ambigaipalan (2015) · Journal of Functional Foods
Top 10 plant pathogenic bacteria in molecular plant pathology
John W. Mansfıeld, Stéphane Genin, Shimpei Magori, Vitaly Citovsky (2012) · Molecular Plant Pathology
The biological action of saponins in animal systems: a review
George Francis, Zohar Kerem, H.P.S. Makkar, Klaus Becker (2002) · British Journal Of Nutrition
Non‐destructive optical detection of pigment changes during leaf senescence and fruit ripening
Mark N. Merzlyak, Anatoly A. Gitelson, О. Б. Чивкунова, V. Yu. Rakitin (1999) · Physiologia Plantarum
Efficacy, safety, quality control, marketing and regulatory guidelines for herbal medicines (phytotherapeutic agents)
João Β. Calixto (2000) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
An evaluation of noninvasive methods to estimate foliar chlorophyll content
Andrew D. Richardson, Shane P. Duigan, Graeme P. Berlyn (2002) · New Phytologist
Declining global warming effects on the phenology of spring leaf unfolding
Yongshuo H. Fu, Hongfang Zhao, Shilong Piao, Marc Peaucelle (2015) · Nature
A Comprehensive Review on MAPK: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Cancer
Cornelia Braicu, Mihail Buse, Constantin Busuioc, Rareş Drulă (2019) · Cancers

Other Aesculus 5 in the reference

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence search API
climate nothing to report
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive)
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 13 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.