Dudleya cespitosa, Point Lobos State Natural Reserve, Carmel, CA, US

Dudleya cespitosa (Haw.) Britton & Rose

Sand Lettuce, Sealettuce, coast dudleya, sand-lettuce

Climate known 88 photographs Cactus or succulent

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Dudleya caespitosa is a succulent plant known by several common names, including sea lettuce, sand lettuce, and coast dudleya. It is endemic to California, where it grows along the coastline in the southern half of the state. Taxonomically, this species is a highly variable complex of polymorphic and polyploid plants, closely related to numerous neighboring species such as Dudleya farinosa, Dudleya greenei and Dudleya palmeri. It is delimited from neighboring species on an arbitrary basis of distribution and chromosome number, and may not be immediately separable from the other species it approaches.

Text from Wikipedia, “Dudleya caespitosa”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Dudleya

Dudleya, commonly known as liveforevers, is a genus of rosette-forming succulent plants in the stonecrop family, Crassulaceae, consisting of about ~70 taxa found in southwestern North America and Guadalupe Island. The genus is very morphologically diverse, with species ranging from large evergreen plants to tiny deciduous geophytic plants. The flowers of Dudleya have parts numbered in fives, with the petals arranged in tubular, star-shaped, or bell-shaped forms and, when fruiting, are filled with tiny, crescent-shaped seeds.

Text from Wikipedia, “Dudleya”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family

Crassulaceae

Described by

(Haw.) Britton & Rose

Native to

California

Wild records

1084 in range· 268 open

At a glance

Warmest month

20°C

Sep, mean day; nights 14 °C (CHELSA)

Rain

596mm/yr

7 wet months · peak Jan 119 mm (CHELSA)

Light

17–51DLI

mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)

In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person

Grouped as a cactus or succulent by the genus Dudleya, which is reliably one kind of plant (archetype table). Rain rule: a winter growing season, December to March in the northern hemisphere (December to March at the habitat, northern). Habitat rain 596 mm a year, wettest January at 119 mm, driest July at 1 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 17 to 51 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 6.1 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Cotyledon coespitosa Haw.

Cultivation

Grouped as a cactus or succulent by the genus Dudleya, which is reliably one kind of plant (archetype table). The table holds no figure for this group, which spans too much for one minimum; the cold floor is the habitat's alone, and no prose comes from the table.

Its year Rain rule: a winter growing season, December to March in the northern hemisphere (December to March at the habitat, northern).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the year's rain (433 mm of 596 mm) falls in December to March, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 11.5 °C against a yearly mean of 13.6 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: June to September.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 596 mm a year, wettest January at 119 mm, driest July at 1 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

596 mm a year at the habitat, 433 mm of it December to March. Wettest month January at 119 mm, driest July at 1 mm; 3 months under 5 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 405 mm to 932 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 17 to 51 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 17 to 51 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 14, the highest 90th-percentile month 53).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 6.1 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 6.1 °C, the absolute minimum 0.5 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 27.8 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 8.9 °C in January (across the envelope cells 6.7 °C to 10.2 °C), warmest day 20.3 °C in September (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 6.1 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 60 to 65% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 136 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale

Figures by month

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Day °C	14 / 13–17	14 / 13–17	15 / 13–17	16 / 13–19	17 / 14–20	19 / 15–22	20 / 16–24	20 / 17–24	20 / 17–24	19 / 17–22	16 / 15–19	14 / 13–17
Night °C	9 / 7–10	9 / 7–11	10 / 8–11	10 / 8–12	11 / 10–13	12 / 11–15	14 / 12–17	14 / 13–18	14 / 13–17	13 / 12–16	11 / 9–13	9 / 7–11
Rain mm	119 / 84–194	116 / 85–178	93 / 65–146	39 / 27–62	13 / 7–23	3 / 2–7	1 / 1–2	2 / 1–3	6 / 4–9	29 / 18–45	70 / 40–115	105 / 62–167
DLI	19 / 16–21	24 / 22–26	33 / 31–35	43 / 40–44	48 / 46–50	51 / 49–53	51 / 48–52	47 / 44–48	39 / 37–40	30 / 27–31	21 / 18–23	17 / 14–19
RH %	61 / 56–64	62 / 59–65	63 / 59–66	62 / 58–66	64 / 58–68	64 / 56–69	65 / 55–70	65 / 55–71	64 / 55–69	62 / 55–66	60 / 55–64	60 / 56–63

Each figure is the median across the 136 grid cells holding the 890 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1067:1162 (36.625, -121.875). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 0.5 °C, 1st-percentile night 6.1 °C, 99th-percentile day 27.8 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 136 distinct grid cells holding the 890 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1067:1162 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 36.50_-121.875, lapse-corrected -113 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 6 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.

Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

NativeCalifornia

Kew's description“tuberous geophyte” · “desert or dry shrubland”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here

Map marker36.669, -121.815 · in the densest population, 948 records (87% of those in range)

Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 1084 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 268 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 11 km away. 1 record outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 194 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.

The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 1084 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Photographs: (c) mushroomshindig, some rights reserved (CC BY) (4); (c) James C. Davis, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (4).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Dudleya cespitosa, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Occurrence Download