Species
+

Eucalyptus robusta Sm.

Swamp Mahogany Gum, Swamp Messmate, Swampmahogany, Swampmahogany

Climate known 129 photographs
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Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Eucalyptus robusta, commonly known as swamp mahogany or swamp messmate, is a tree native to eastern Australia. Growing in swampy or waterlogged soils, it is up to 30 m (100 ft) high with thick spongy reddish-brown bark and dark green broad leaves, which help form a dense canopy. The white to cream flowers appear in autumn and winter. The leaves are commonly eaten by insects and are a food item for the koala. More on Wikipedia ›

The opening of Wikipedia, “Eucalyptus robusta”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Eucalyptus

Eucalyptus is a genus of more than 700 species of flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae. Most species of Eucalyptus are trees, often mallees, and a few are shrubs. Along with several other genera in the tribe Eucalypteae, including Corymbia and Angophora, they are commonly known as eucalypts or "gum trees". More on Wikipedia ›

The opening of Wikipedia, “Eucalyptus”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Myrtaceae
Described by
Sm.
Native to
New South Wales, Queensland
Wild records
1372 in range· 1307 open

At a glance

Warmest month
26°C
Jan, mean day; nights 20 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
1253mm/yr
12 wet months · peak Feb 157 mm (CHELSA)
Light
17–42DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (May to December in the northern hemisphere). Habitat rain 1253 mm a year, wettest February at 157 mm, driest September at 59 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 17 to 42 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 3.1 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Eucalyptus multiflora Poir.; Eucalyptus multiflora var. bivalvis Blakely; Eucalyptus robusta var. bivalvis (Blakely) Blakely; Eucalyptus robusta var. rostrata (Cav.) Pers.; Eucalyptus rostrata Cav.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (May to December in the northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads no season: 70% of the year's rain (972 mm of 1253 mm) takes 8 months, November to June. Mean temperature moves 9.7 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: May to December.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 1253 mm a year, wettest February at 157 mm, driest September at 59 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

1253 mm a year at the habitat, 972 mm of it November to June. Wettest month February at 157 mm, driest September at 59 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 995 mm to 1611 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 17 to 42 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 17 to 42 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 16, the highest 90th-percentile month 43).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 3.1 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 3.1 °C, the absolute minimum -0.3 °C, 2 frost nights in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 39.8 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 10.3 °C in July (across the envelope cells 7.7 °C to 12.5 °C), warmest day 25.9 °C in January (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 3.1 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 55 to 62% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 16 °C in Jul to 26 °C in Jan; mean night from 10 °C in Jul to 21 °C in Feb. The cold quarter, Jun to Aug, is the three months around the coldest night. 1253 mm of rain a year, most in Feb. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 497 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was -0.3 °C and the 99th-percentile day 39.8 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.-10°10°20°30°40°50°frost39.8° 99th-percentile day (undated)-0.3° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200250mm rainDLI 17–42RH 55–62 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 497 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C26 / 24–2826 / 24–2724 / 23–2622 / 21–2419 / 18–2217 / 16–1916 / 15–1918 / 16–2020 / 18–2322 / 20–2523 / 21–2625 / 23–28
Night °C20 / 18–2221 / 19–2219 / 17–2117 / 14–1914 / 12–1612 / 9–1410 / 8–1311 / 8–1313 / 11–1515 / 13–1717 / 15–1919 / 17–21
Rain mm109 / 79–165157 / 126–217132 / 90–197133 / 92–173119 / 84–152107 / 69–13073 / 51–9364 / 48–7359 / 46–7085 / 71–98110 / 91–137105 / 78–164
DLI41 / 40–4236 / 35–3731 / 30–3325 / 24–2719 / 18–2217 / 16–2019 / 18–2225 / 24–2732 / 31–3538 / 37–3940 / 39–4142 / 41–43
RH %62 / 59–6362 / 61–6462 / 60–6361 / 59–6260 / 58–6158 / 57–6057 / 55–5855 / 54–5756 / 55–5858 / 56–6060 / 58–6261 / 58–62

Each figure is the median across the 497 grid cells holding the 1362 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 2464:6629 (-33.225, 151.475). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -0.3 °C, 1st-percentile night 3.1 °C, 99th-percentile day 39.8 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 497 distinct grid cells holding the 1362 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2464:6629 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -33.00_151.250, lapse-corrected -131 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 21 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeNew South Wales, Queensland· introduced: France, Portugal, Sardegna, Italy, Morocco, Canary Is., Madeira, Gambia, The, Senegal, Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Comoros, China South-Central, Hainan, China Southeast, Taiwan, Pakistan, Andaman Is., Nicobar Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Easter Is., Society Is., Hawaii, California, Florida, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Cuba, Puerto Rico
Kew's description“tree” · “subtropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker-33.009, 151.588 · in the densest population, 765 records (56% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 1372 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 1307 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker in the same place. 239 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 10 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 1372 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Eucalyptus robustaEucalyptus robustaEucalyptus robustaEucalyptus robustaEucalyptus robustaEucalyptus robustaEucalyptus robustaEucalyptus robusta

Photographs: (c) ritirene, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Scott W. Gavins, some rights reserved (CC BY) (3); (c) Greg Tasney, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (4).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Eucalyptus robusta, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 400–468
P.W. Crous, M.J. Wingfield, David M. Richardson, J.J. Leroux (2016) · Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi
Antioxidant Capacities and Total Phenolic Contents of 56 Wild Fruits from South China
Fu Li, Botao Xu, Xiang‐Rong Xu, Xin-Sheng Qin (2010) · Molecules
Fungal Planet description sheets: 371–399
P.W. Crous, Michael J. Wingfield, Johannes J. Le Roux, David M. Richardson (2015) · Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi
Synthesis of iron nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Eucalyptus robusta Sm and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity
Yosmery Vitta, Maice Figueroa, María Coronada Fernández Calderón, Carlos Ciangherotti (2019) · Materials Science for Energy Technologies
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from two species of Eucalyptus
Patrı́cia Sartorelli, Alexandre D. Marquioreto, Adriana Amaral‐Baroli, Marcos Enoque Leite Lima (2006) · Phytotherapy Research
Microwave-assisted extraction of Eucalyptus robusta leaf for the optimal yield of total phenolic compounds
Deep Jyoti Bhuyan, Quan V. Vuong, Anita Chalmers, Ian A. van Altena (2015) · Industrial Crops and Products
Tree use by koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) after fire in remnant coastal forest
Alison Matthews, Daniel Lunney, Shaan Gresser, Wendy Maitz (2007) · Wildlife Research
In Vitro Antibiofilm Activity of Eucarobustol E against Candida albicans
Ruihuan Liu, Zhi‐Chun Shang, Tianxiao Li, Ming‐Hua Yang (2017) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

Other Eucalyptus 12 in the reference

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not asked
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 90 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.