Species
+

Grewia occidentalis L.

Common Cross-berry Raisin, Common Crossbery, Cross-Berry, Cross-berry (EN)

Climate known 67 photographs
Add one to my plants Sow seed

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Grewia occidentalis, the crossberry, is a species of deciduous tree, indigenous to Southern Africa.

Text from Wikipedia, “Grewia occidentalis”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Grewia

Grewia is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, these were both not monophyletic with respect to other Malvales - as already indicated by the uncertainties surrounding placement of Grewia and similar genera - and have thus been merged into the Malvaceae. More on Wikipedia ›

The opening of Wikipedia, “Grewia”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Malvaceae
Described by
L.
Native to
Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Cape Provinces +5
Wild records
1531 in range· 497 open

At a glance

Warmest month
26°C
Feb, mean day; nights 17 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
775mm/yr
12 wet months · peak Jan 112 mm (CHELSA)
Light
20–43DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Rain rule: a summer growing season, April to September in the northern hemisphere (October to March at the habitat, southern). Habitat rain 775 mm a year, wettest January at 112 mm, driest June at 27 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 20 to 43 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 5.7 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Grewia chirindae Baker fil.; Grewia microphylla Weim.; Grewia obtusifolia Eckl. & Zeyh.; Grewia occidentalis var. litoralis Wild; Grewia seringeana Hamon bis and 2 more.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: a summer growing season, April to September in the northern hemisphere (October to March at the habitat, southern).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the year's rain (552 mm of 775 mm) falls in October to March, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 20.0 °C against a yearly mean of 17.6 °C). Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: April to September.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 775 mm a year, wettest January at 112 mm, driest June at 27 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

775 mm a year at the habitat, 552 mm of it October to March. Wettest month January at 112 mm, driest June at 27 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 544 mm to 1076 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 20 to 43 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 20 to 43 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 17, the highest 90th-percentile month 48).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 5.7 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 5.7 °C, the absolute minimum 3.1 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 32.9 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 8.0 °C in July (across the envelope cells 2.8 °C to 14.0 °C), warmest day 25.7 °C in February (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 5.7 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 54 to 63% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 19 °C in Jun to 26 °C in Feb; mean night from 8 °C in Jul to 17 °C in Feb. The cold quarter, Jun to Aug, is the three months around the coldest night. 775 mm of rain a year, most in Jan. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 807 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was 3.1 °C and the 99th-percentile day 32.9 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.10°20°30°40°32.9° 99th-percentile day (undated)3.1° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200mm rainDLI 20–43RH 54–63 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 807 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C26 / 23–2926 / 23–2925 / 22–2723 / 21–2621 / 19–2419 / 16–2219 / 16–2220 / 17–2322 / 18–2522 / 19–2624 / 21–2725 / 22–28
Night °C17 / 14–2117 / 14–2216 / 13–2114 / 10–1911 / 7–179 / 3–158 / 3–149 / 5–1511 / 8–1613 / 10–1715 / 12–1916 / 13–20
Rain mm112 / 41–15294 / 38–14683 / 50–11955 / 36–7831 / 13–6027 / 8–6029 / 3–5441 / 7–6940 / 18–7974 / 49–10992 / 52–13397 / 44–141
DLI42 / 36–4839 / 35–4233 / 31–3727 / 25–3123 / 19–2820 / 17–2521 / 18–2725 / 23–3231 / 29–3836 / 32–4241 / 34–4543 / 37–48
RH %62 / 56–6663 / 56–6663 / 56–6561 / 54–6457 / 51–6155 / 50–5854 / 49–5856 / 47–6059 / 47–6261 / 51–6361 / 54–6462 / 56–65

Each figure is the median across the 807 grid cells holding the 1514 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 2477:4068 (-33.875, 23.425). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 3.1 °C, 1st-percentile night 5.7 °C, 99th-percentile day 32.9 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 807 distinct grid cells holding the 1514 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2477:4068 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -34.00_23.125, lapse-corrected +65 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 414 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeMozambique, Zimbabwe, Cape Provinces, Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Swaziland, Northern Provinces
Kew's description“shrub or tree” · “seasonally dry tropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker-33.988, 22.717 · in the densest population, 1313 records (86% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 1531 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 497 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 390 km away. 79 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 17 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 1531 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Grewia occidentalisGrewia occidentalisGrewia occidentalisGrewia occidentalisGrewia occidentalisGrewia occidentalisGrewia occidentalisGrewia occidentalis

Photographs: no rights reserved · CC0 (3); (c) Tony Rebelo, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA); (c) Suvarna Parbhoo Mohan, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (4).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Grewia occidentalis, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

In vitro antifungal activity of some South African medicinal plants
Anthony Jide Afolayan, Donald Grierson, Learnmore Kambizi, I. Madamombe (2002) · South African Journal of Botany
Effect of Soil Type: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Phytochemicals in Some Browse Species Leaves Found in Savannah Biome of South Africa
Humbelani Silas Mudau, Hilda Kwena Mokoboki, Khuliso Emmanuel Ravhuhali, Zimbili Mkhize (2022) · Molecules
The feeding height preferences of two goat breeds fed Grewia occidentalis L. (Tiliaceae) in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Luthando Dziba, Peter F. Scogings, Iain J. Gordon, J.G. Raats (2003) · Small Ruminant Research
Diet selection of goats depends on season: roles of plant physical and chemical traits
Ntuthuko Raphael Mkhize, Peter F. Scogings, I.V. Nsahlai, Luthando Dziba (2014) · African Journal of Range and Forage Science
Reproductive biology of Grewia occidentalis L. (Tiliaceae)
P.C. Zietsman (1991) · South African Journal of Botany
Coupling SFE to uterotonic bioassay: an on-line investigation of the uterotonic activity of compounds from Grewia occidentalis (Tiliaceae)
Dulcie A. Mulholland, Vikash Sewram, Mark W. Raynor, K. Thornell (2002) · South African Journal of Botany

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not asked
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 32 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.