Species
+
Photographs: iNaturalist and GBIF media did not answer when this page was built. Not a statement that none exist.

Hepatica nobilis Schreb.

Gewöhnliches Leberblümchen (DE), Liverleaf, hepatica

Climate known Photographs not checked
Add one to my plants Sow seed

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Anemone hepatica, the common hepatica, liverwort, liverleaf, kidneywort, or pennywort, is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to woodland in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. This herbaceous perennial grows from a rhizome.

Text from Wikipedia, “Anemone hepatica”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Hepatica

Hepatica is a genus of herbaceous perennials in the buttercup family, native to central and northern Europe, Asia and eastern North America. Some botanists include Hepatica within a wider interpretation of Anemone.

Text from Wikipedia, “Hepatica”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Ranunculaceae
Described by
Schreb.
Native to
Denmark, Finland, Norway +23
Wild records
790 in range· 136 open

At a glance

Warmest month
23°C
Jul, mean day; nights 14 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
1104mm/yr
12 wet months · peak May 110 mm (CHELSA)
Light
8–37DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (April to November in the northern hemisphere). Habitat rain 1104 mm a year, wettest May at 110 mm, driest February at 59 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 8 to 37 mol/m²/day. Cold floor -14.8 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Anemone angulosa Lam.; Anemone hepatica L.; Anemone hepatica f. alba (Gürke) Hegi; Anemone hepatica f. chlorosa Pleijel; Anemone hepatica f. major Bolzon and 39 more.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (April to November in the northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads no season: 70% of the year's rain (811 mm of 1104 mm) takes 8 months, April to November. Mean temperature moves 18.9 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: October to May.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 1104 mm a year, wettest May at 110 mm, driest February at 59 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

1104 mm a year at the habitat, 811 mm of it April to November. Wettest month May at 110 mm, driest February at 59 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 734 mm to 1738 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 8 to 37 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 8 to 37 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 5, the highest 90th-percentile month 43).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor -14.8 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is -14.8 °C, the absolute minimum -28.6 °C, about 118 frost nights a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 32.6 °C. Monthly means: coldest night -3.9 °C in January (across the envelope cells -8.7 °C to 0.2 °C), warmest day 23.1 °C in July (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: -14.8 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 59 to 64% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 3 °C in Jan to 23 °C in Jul; mean night from -4 °C in Jan to 14 °C in Jul. The cold quarter, Dec to Feb, is the three months around the coldest night. 1104 mm of rain a year, most in May. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 581 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was -28.6 °C and the 99th-percentile day 32.6 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.-40°-20°20°40°frost32.6° 99th-percentile day (undated)-28.6° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200mm rainDLI 8–37RH 59–64 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 581 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C3 / -0–85 / 1–99 / 5–1313 / 9–1517 / 14–2021 / 18–2423 / 20–2723 / 20–2619 / 15–2214 / 11–178 / 5–124 / 0–8
Night °C-4 / -9–0-3 / -8–0-0 / -4–33 / -1–68 / 4–1011 / 8–1414 / 10–1714 / 10–1710 / 7–136 / 3–91 / -3–4-2 / -7–1
Rain mm69 / 39–11659 / 36–10276 / 46–13092 / 51–142110 / 68–161105 / 62–17997 / 42–198100 / 59–189107 / 65–165101 / 61–17099 / 58–16589 / 50–144
DLI10 / 7–1316 / 12–1923 / 19–2830 / 28–3435 / 33–3937 / 34–4237 / 33–4332 / 28–3724 / 21–2916 / 13–2010 / 7–148 / 5–11
RH %63 / 58–6761 / 58–6560 / 57–6259 / 57–6260 / 57–6260 / 56–6359 / 55–6360 / 56–6362 / 59–6464 / 61–6664 / 61–6864 / 59–68

Each figure is the median across the 581 grid cells holding the 778 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 801:3882 (49.925, 14.125). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -28.6 °C, 1st-percentile night -14.8 °C, 99th-percentile day 32.6 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 581 distinct grid cells holding the 778 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 801:3882 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 50.00_14.375, lapse-corrected -19 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 335 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeDenmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland, Corse, France, Spain, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania, Yugoslavia, Belarus, Baltic States, Central European Russia, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine, West Siberia· introduced: Great Britain, Belgium
Kew's description“perennial” · “temperate”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker47.671, 11.872 · in the densest population, 380 records (48% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 790 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 136 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 192 km away. 1 record outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 12 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 790 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Hepatica nobilis, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

High diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a boreal herb‐rich coniferous forest
Maarja Öpik, Mari Moora, Martin Zobel, Ülle Saks (2008) · New Phytologist
Cypripedium calceolus L.
Tiiu Kull (1999) · Journal of Ecology
Temperature cues phenological synchrony in ant-mediated seed dispersal
Robert J. Warren, Volker Bahn, Mark A. Bradford (2010) · Global Change Biology
The shape of things to come: woodland herb niche contraction begins during recruitment in mesic forest microhabitat
Robert J. Warren, Mark A. Bradford (2010) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
Pressure – volume curves and drought injury
Elfrieda Kyriakopoulos, Hanno Richter (1981) · Physiologia Plantarum
Cytogenetic and phylogenetic studies of diploid and polyploid members of Tribe Anemoninae (Ranunculaceae)
Jelena Mlinarec, Zlatko Šatović, Darko Mihelj, Nenad Malenica (2011) · Plant Biology

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence search API
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive)
inat.photos.wild nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media did not answercarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: api.gbif.org not asked: offline re-derivation
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 10 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.