Species
+

Isotrema macrophyllum (Lam.) C.F.Reed

Amerikanische Pfeifenwinde (DE), Dutchman's-pipe (EN), dutchman's-pipe, large-leaved dutchman's-pipe

Climate known 115 photographs
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Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Aristolochia macrophylla, Dutchman's pipe or pipevine, is a perennial vine native to the eastern United States. A. macrophylla belongs to the plant family Aristolochiaceae and is found primarily along the Cumberland Mountains and Blue Ridge Mountains in the eastern portion of the United States, as well as Ontario, Canada. This species of plant has received considerable attention in the past few decades for the discovery of a potent compound called aristolochic acid, which has been the focus of debate due its harmful side effects.

Text from Wikipedia, “Aristolochia macrophylla”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Isotrema

Aristolochia is a large plant genus with over 500 species that is the type genus of the family Aristolochiaceae. Its members are commonly known as birthwort, pipevine or Dutchman's pipe and are widespread and occur in diverse climates. Some species, like A. utriformis and A. westlandii, are threatened with extinction.

Text from Wikipedia, “Aristolochia”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Aristolochiaceae
Described by
(Lam.) C.F.Reed
Native to
Romania, Ontario, New York +11
Wild records
64 in range· 61 open

At a glance

Warmest month
26°C
Jul, mean day; nights 17 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
1215mm/yr
12 wet months · peak Jul 120 mm (CHELSA)
Light
11–39DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (March to September and December in the northern hemisphere). Habitat rain 1215 mm a year, wettest July at 120 mm, driest February at 83 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 11 to 39 mol/m²/day. Cold floor -15.5 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as ? durius Hill; Aristolochia arkansana Lodd.; Aristolochia arkasana Lodd.; Aristolochia frutescens Marshall; Aristolochia grandifolia Salisb. and 11 more.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (March to September and December in the northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads no season: 70% of the year's rain (852 mm of 1215 mm) takes 8 months, March to September and December. Mean temperature moves 22.7 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: September to March and June.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 1215 mm a year, wettest July at 120 mm, driest February at 83 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

1215 mm a year at the habitat, 852 mm of it March to September and December. Wettest month July at 120 mm, driest February at 83 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 982 mm to 1614 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 11 to 39 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 11 to 39 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 8, the highest 90th-percentile month 40).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor -15.5 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is -15.5 °C, the absolute minimum -31.8 °C, about 126 frost nights a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 34.8 °C. Monthly means: coldest night -5.4 °C in January (across the envelope cells -11.9 °C to -1.9 °C), warmest day 25.9 °C in July (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: -15.5 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 56 to 61% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 3 °C in Jan to 26 °C in Jul; mean night from -5 °C in Jan to 17 °C in Jul. The cold quarter, Dec to Feb, is the three months around the coldest night. 1215 mm of rain a year, most in Jul. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 63 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was -31.8 °C and the 99th-percentile day 34.8 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.-40°-20°20°40°frost34.8° 99th-percentile day (undated)-31.8° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200mm rainDLI 11–39RH 56–61 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 63 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C3 / -3–75 / -1–99 / 4–1415 / 11–1920 / 17–2324 / 22–2826 / 24–2925 / 24–2922 / 20–2516 / 13–2011 / 7–145 / 0–8
Night °C-5 / -12–-2-4 / -11–-1-0 / -6–34 / 2–810 / 8–1315 / 13–1817 / 15–2117 / 14–2013 / 11–177 / 5–112 / -0–6-3 / -7–0
Rain mm88 / 67–14683 / 63–15699 / 63–148104 / 79–126108 / 84–146110 / 85–144120 / 86–150107 / 86–136104 / 85–12795 / 72–12197 / 81–137100 / 73–156
DLI14 / 11–1619 / 17–2126 / 25–2832 / 31–3537 / 35–3839 / 38–4038 / 37–4034 / 33–3527 / 25–2921 / 17–2414 / 10–1711 / 8–14
RH %59 / 57–6358 / 55–6157 / 55–5856 / 55–5758 / 56–6160 / 57–6360 / 58–6461 / 59–6461 / 58–6360 / 57–6159 / 57–6259 / 57–63

Each figure is the median across the 63 grid cells holding the 64 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 990:2000 (40.475, -79.975). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -31.8 °C, 1st-percentile night -15.5 °C, 99th-percentile day 34.8 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 63 distinct grid cells holding the 64 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 990:2000 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 40.50_-80.000, lapse-corrected -53 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 279 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeRomania, Ontario, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, West Virginia, Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia· introduced: Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Uzbekistan, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey
Kew's description“liana” · “temperate”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker40.704, -74.017 · in the densest population, 47 records (73% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 64 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 61 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker in the same place. 655 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 64 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Isotrema macrophyllumIsotrema macrophyllumIsotrema macrophyllumIsotrema macrophyllumIsotrema macrophyllumIsotrema macrophyllumIsotrema macrophyllumIsotrema macrophyllum

Photographs: unknown, BY via GBIF · CC BY (2); Mike Butscher, BY-SA via GBIF · CC BY-SA (2); NEON (National Ecological Observatory Network) Biorepository, BY-SA via GBIF · CC BY-SA; Florian Millet, BY-SA via GBIF · CC BY-SA; HermanHansen14, BY-SA via GBIF · CC BY-SA; Gabriele Heinemann, BY-SA via GBIF · CC BY-SA.

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Isotrema macrophyllum, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Elevational Distribution of Temperate Lianas along Trails in Pisgah National Forest
Irene M. Rossell, Heather Eggleston, Irene M. Rossell, Heather Eggleston (2017) · Southeastern Naturalist
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

Other Isotrema 2 in the reference

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence search API
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive)
inat.photos.wild nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 19 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.