Maihueniopsis leoncito, Copiapo, Atacama, Chile

Maihueniopsis leoncito (Werderm.) F.Ritter ex P.C.Guerrero & Helmut Walter

Cactaceae

Climate known 12 photographs Cactus or succulent

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

About the genus · Maihueniopsis

Maihueniopsis is a genus of the cactus family (Cactaceae), containing 18 species.

Text from Wikipedia, “Maihueniopsis”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family

Cactaceae

Described by

(Werderm.) F.Ritter ex P.C.Guerrero & Helmut Walter

Native to

Chile North

Wild records

4 in range· 4 open

At a glance

Warmest month

18°C

Jan, mean day; nights 7 °C (CHELSA)

Rain

401mm/yr

4 wet months · peak Jul 93 mm (CHELSA)

Light

24–62DLI

mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)

In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person

Grouped as a cactus or succulent by Cactaceae, which is usually but not always one kind of plant (archetype table). Rain rule: a winter growing season, October to February in the northern hemisphere (April to August at the habitat, southern). Habitat rain 401 mm a year, wettest July at 93 mm, driest November at 12 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 24 to 62 mol/m²/day. Cold floor -9.2 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Maihueniopsis leoncito (Werderm.) F.Ritter; Opuntia leoncito Werderm.; Tephrocactus leoncito (Werderm.) Backeb.

Cultivation

Grouped as a cactus or succulent by Cactaceae, which is usually but not always one kind of plant (archetype table). The table holds no figure for this group, which spans too much for one minimum; the cold floor is the habitat's alone, and no prose comes from the table.

Its year Rain rule: a winter growing season, October to February in the northern hemisphere (April to August at the habitat, southern).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the year's rain (281 mm of 401 mm) falls in April to August, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 0.7 °C against a yearly mean of 5.7 °C). Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: October to February.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 401 mm a year, wettest July at 93 mm, driest November at 12 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

401 mm a year at the habitat, 281 mm of it April to August. Wettest month July at 93 mm, driest November at 12 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 373 mm to 461 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 24 to 62 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 24 to 62 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 23, the highest 90th-percentile month 63).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor -9.2 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is -9.2 °C, the absolute minimum -16.3 °C, about 118 frost nights a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 26.0 °C. Monthly means: coldest night -7.9 °C in July (across the envelope cells -9.0 °C to -6.3 °C), warmest day 18.0 °C in January (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: -9.2 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 43 to 50% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 4 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale

Figures by month

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Day °C	18 / 17–19	18 / 16–19	17 / 15–18	14 / 13–15	9 / 7–11	5 / 4–7	3 / 1–5	6 / 4–8	8 / 6–10	12 / 10–14	15 / 14–17	17 / 16–18
Night °C	7 / 5–8	6 / 5–8	5 / 4–6	2 / 1–3	-3 / -4–-1	-6 / -7–-4	-8 / -9–-6	-6 / -7–-4	-4 / -5–-2	-0 / -2–1	3 / 2–5	6 / 4–7
Rain mm	22 / 20–26	16 / 15–19	19 / 17–22	24 / 21–27	47 / 44–56	69 / 65–77	93 / 88–105	48 / 45–55	20 / 19–24	18 / 16–22	12 / 10–13	13 / 12–16
DLI	59 / 59–60	54 / 53–55	46 / 45–47	36 / 35–37	27 / 26–28	24 / 23–24	26 / 25–27	33 / 32–34	42 / 41–43	52 / 51–53	59 / 58–60	62 / 61–63
RH %	50	49	48 / 47–48	45 / 44–45	44 / 42–44	43 / 41–44	43 / 41–43	44 / 43–45	47 / 45–47	46 / 45–46	45 / 44–46	47 / 46–47

Each figure is the median across the 4 grid cells holding the 4 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 2361:2206 (-28.075, -69.675). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -16.3 °C, 1st-percentile night -9.2 °C, 99th-percentile day 26.0 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 4 distinct grid cells holding the 4 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2361:2206 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -28.00_-69.375, lapse-corrected -990 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 3084 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.

Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

NativeChile North

Kew's description“succulent subshrub” · “desert or dry shrubland”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here

Map marker-28.093, -69.664 · in the densest population, 4 records (100% of those in range)

Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 4 georeferenced records inside the native range, all openly licensed and shown on the map. Under a dozen records: treat the map and the climate as indicative.

The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 4 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Photographs: no rights reserved · CC0; (c) don chululo, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (4); don chululo, CC BY-SA, iNaturalist via GBIF (3).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Maihueniopsis leoncito, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

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