Species
+

Musa basjoo Siebold & Zucc. ex Iinuma

Japanese banana, Japanese banana, Japanese fiber banana, Japanese fibre banana

Climate known 19 photographs Tropical foliage plant
Add one to my plants Sow seed

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Musa basjoo, known variously as Japanese banana, Japanese fiber banana or hardy banana, is a species of flowering plant belonging to the banana family Musaceae. It was previously thought to have originated in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan, from where it was first described in cultivation, but is now known to have originated in the subtropical southern Chinese province of Sichuan. Its specific name is derived from its Japanese common name, bashō (芭蕉).

Text from Wikipedia, “Musa basjoo”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

Family
Musaceae
Described by
Siebold & Zucc. ex Iinuma
Native to
China South-Central, China Southeast
Wild records
92 in range· 31 open

At a glance

Warmest month
30°C
Jul, mean day; nights 24 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
1631mm/yr
12 wet months · peak Jun 250 mm (CHELSA)
Light
17–34DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Grouped as a tropical foliage plant by the genus Musa, which is reliably one kind of plant (archetype table). Rain rule: a summer growing season, April to September in the northern hemisphere (April to September at the habitat, northern). Habitat rain 1631 mm a year, wettest June at 250 mm, driest December at 40 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 17 to 34 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 12 °C (archetype minimum for a tropical foliage plant, above the -4.4 °C habitat night).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Musa japonica Sallier.

Cultivation

Grouped as a tropical foliage plant by the genus Musa, which is reliably one kind of plant (archetype table). The table supplies one figure for this group, a conventional minimum for the cold floor, and no prose.

Its year Rain rule: a summer growing season, April to September in the northern hemisphere (April to September at the habitat, northern).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the year's rain (1181 mm of 1631 mm) falls in April to September, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 23.9 °C against a yearly mean of 17.3 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: October to March.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 1631 mm a year, wettest June at 250 mm, driest December at 40 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

1631 mm a year at the habitat, 1181 mm of it April to September. Wettest month June at 250 mm, driest December at 40 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 1147 mm to 3269 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 17 to 34 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 17 to 34 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 13, the highest 90th-percentile month 37).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 12 °C (archetype minimum for a tropical foliage plant, above the -4.4 °C habitat night).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is -4.4 °C, the absolute minimum -10.6 °C, about 32 frost nights a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 30.7 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 1.5 °C in January (across the envelope cells -1.3 °C to 12.1 °C), warmest day 30.3 °C in July (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 12 °C. The habitat figure, the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER), is -4.4 °C; the archetype table's conventional minimum for a tropical foliage plant (grouped by the genus Musa, which is reliably one kind of plant) is 12 °C, which is higher, and the floor rule takes the higher.

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence, and the archetype table's group minimum where that is higher. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 60 to 64% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 9 °C in Jan to 30 °C in Jul; mean night from 2 °C in Jan to 24 °C in Jul. The cold quarter, Dec to Feb, is the three months around the coldest night. 1631 mm of rain a year, most in Jun. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 81 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was -10.6 °C and the 99th-percentile day 30.7 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.-20°-10°10°20°30°40°frost30.7° 99th-percentile day (undated)-10.6° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500mm rainDLI 17–34RH 60–64 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 81 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C9 / 7–1911 / 9–2015 / 13–2221 / 18–2525 / 23–2728 / 25–3030 / 27–3330 / 27–3227 / 24–2922 / 19–2617 / 14–2311 / 9–20
Night °C2 / -1–123 / 1–137 / 5–1513 / 11–1917 / 15–2121 / 18–2424 / 20–2624 / 19–2520 / 17–2315 / 12–219 / 6–173 / 1–14
Rain mm65 / 17–9678 / 24–171114 / 46–202143 / 86–240189 / 115–349250 / 182–467243 / 170–417219 / 138–449137 / 82–46786 / 50–26467 / 36–14140 / 16–91
DLI17 / 13–2119 / 16–2322 / 19–2928 / 23–3230 / 27–3430 / 28–3334 / 30–3732 / 29–3427 / 22–3023 / 15–2718 / 14–2317 / 13–21
RH %62 / 58–6763 / 58–6763 / 59–6762 / 59–6663 / 59–6664 / 62–6764 / 61–6764 / 62–6863 / 61–6761 / 59–6761 / 57–6660 / 57–66

Each figure is the median across the 81 grid cells holding the 88 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1268:5734 (26.575, 106.725). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -10.6 °C, 1st-percentile night -4.4 °C, 99th-percentile day 30.7 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 81 distinct grid cells holding the 88 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1268:5734 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 26.50_106.875, lapse-corrected -127 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 1107 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeChina South-Central, China Southeast· introduced: Japan, Korea
Kew's description“herbaceous tree” · “subtropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker24.679, 121.215 · in the densest population, 64 records (70% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 92 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 31 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 363 km away. 166 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 4 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 92 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Musa basjooMusa basjooMusa basjooMusa basjooMusa basjooMusa basjooMusa basjooMusa basjoo

Photographs: (c) Sorrel, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) りなべる, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Jaro Guzinski, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) Oleksandr Shynder, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) Gijs Romijn, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Musa basjoo, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Positive selection on the K domain of the AGAMOUS protein in the Zingiberales suggests a mechanism for the evolution of androecial morphology
Ana Maria Rocha de Almeida, Roxana Yockteng, Wagner Campos Otoni, Chelsea D. Specht (2015) · EvoDevo
FLUORESCENCE HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON SEROTONIN AND CATECHOLAMINE IN SOME PLANTS
Mieko Kimura (1968) · The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology
Plant‐Inspired High‐Performance Hydrovoltaic Electricity Generation in Janus Aerogel Fibers with Gradient Nanostructures
Xiaoyue Zhou, Yifei Zhan, Jing Zhou, Kaiyu Yuan (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials
Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of the Musa basjoo flower
Zhigang Tai, Anyi Chen, Bendui Qin, Le Cai (2014) · European Food Research and Technology
Study on Emission of Isoprene from Major Plants Living in Taihu Basin
Wang Xiao (2002) · Chinese Bulletin of Botany
Ethnobotanical study on ritual plants used by Hani people in Yunnan, China
Xue-yu Ma, Dan Luo, Yong Xiong, Caiwen Huang (2024) · Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
Three new acenaphthene derivatives from rhizomes of Musa basjoo and their cytotoxic activity
Li Jiang, Bao Zhang, Yang Wang, Jia Sun (2019) · Natural Product Research
Postglacial range expansion and the role of ecological factors in driving adaptive evolution of Musa basjoo var. formosana
Jui‐Hung Chen, Chun-Lin Huang, Yu-Long Lai, Chung‐Te Chang (2017) · Scientific Reports

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

Other Musa 3 in the reference

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not asked
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 40 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.