Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth.
Kamantiris, Kamatsilis, Maco'ochiini, Madrasthorn
Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.
Summary
Pithecellobium dulce, commonly known as Manila tamarind, Madras thorn, monkeypod tree or camachile, is a species of flowering plant in the pea family, Fabaceae, that is native to the Pacific Coast and adjacent highlands of Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. It is also sometimes known as monkeypod, but that name is also used for several other plants, including Samanea saman. It is an introduced species and extensively naturalized in the Caribbean and Florida, as well as the Philippines and Guam via the Manila galleons. It has also been introduced to Cambodia, Thailand and South Asia, It is considered an invasive species in Hawaii.
Text from Wikipedia, “Pithecellobium dulce”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.
About the genus · Pithecellobium
Pithecellobium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It includes approximately 23 species from the tropical Americas, ranging from Mexico to Peru and northern Brazil, including the Caribbean Islands and Florida.
Text from Wikipedia, “Pithecellobium”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.
At a glance
Also known as Acacia obliquifolia M.Martens & Galeotti; Albizia dulcis (Roxb.) F.Muell.; Feuilleea bertolonii (Benth.) Kuntze; Feuilleea dulcis (Roxb.) Kuntze; Inga camatchili Perr. and 18 more.
Cultivation
Its year Rain rule: a summer growing season, June to September in the northern hemisphere (June to September at the habitat, northern).
This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.
The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the year's rain (707 mm of 1002 mm) falls in June to September, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 27.0 °C against a yearly mean of 25.2 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: December to March.
Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.
Rain Habitat rain 1002 mm a year, wettest September at 197 mm, driest March at 9 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).
This species’ habitat figures, with their source.
1002 mm a year at the habitat, 707 mm of it June to September. Wettest month September at 197 mm, driest March at 9 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 610 mm to 1975 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).
CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.
Light Open sky over the habitat: 30 to 44 mol/m²/day.
This species’ habitat figures, with their source.
Open sky over the habitat: 30 to 44 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 24, the highest 90th-percentile month 50).
CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.
Warmth and air Cold floor 16.7 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
This species’ habitat figures, with their source.
Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 16.7 °C, the absolute minimum 15.1 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 32.1 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 18.2 °C in January (across the envelope cells 10.0 °C to 23.5 °C), warmest day 30.7 °C in May (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 16.7 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).
NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.
Relative humidity at the habitat: 57 to 66% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.
CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.
The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.
Climate across the habitat
Figures by month
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day °C | 27 / 23–32 | 28 / 24–33 | 29 / 25–33 | 31 / 27–34 | 31 / 27–34 | 30 / 26–34 | 30 / 25–33 | 30 / 25–33 | 29 / 25–32 | 29 / 25–31 | 28 / 24–30 | 27 / 23–31 |
| Night °C | 18 / 10–24 | 18 / 11–24 | 19 / 12–24 | 21 / 14–25 | 22 / 16–25 | 23 / 17–25 | 23 / 16–26 | 23 / 17–26 | 23 / 16–25 | 22 / 15–25 | 20 / 13–24 | 19 / 11–24 |
| Rain mm | 22 / 5–85 | 12 / 6–101 | 9 / 3–141 | 21 / 1–203 | 67 / 2–238 | 155 / 30–247 | 174 / 55–269 | 181 / 74–263 | 197 / 103–307 | 111 / 44–274 | 33 / 10–209 | 20 / 5–122 |
| DLI | 32 / 25–35 | 36 / 30–39 | 42 / 33–45 | 44 / 32–48 | 42 / 30–50 | 38 / 30–44 | 37 / 32–42 | 37 / 32–41 | 33 / 30–37 | 32 / 29–35 | 31 / 26–34 | 30 / 24–33 |
| RH % | 58 / 49–65 | 57 / 48–64 | 57 / 45–64 | 58 / 44–66 | 60 / 47–68 | 63 / 55–68 | 64 / 56–68 | 64 / 57–69 | 66 / 59–70 | 64 / 56–69 | 61 / 52–68 | 59 / 50–67 |
Each figure is the median across the 610 grid cells holding the 990 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1737:2068 (3.125, -76.575). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 15.1 °C, 1st-percentile night 16.7 °C, 99th-percentile day 32.1 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 610 distinct grid cells holding the 990 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1737:2068 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 3.00_-76.875, lapse-corrected -180 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 983 m (cell mean).
Natural habitat
Photographs
Photographs: (c) Jacky Judas, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) Susan Blayney, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Carlos Martínez, some rights reserved (CC BY) (3); (c) Alberto Alcalá, some rights reserved (CC BY); no rights reserved · CC0.
Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.
Papers naming this species
Works whose title or abstract names Pithecellobium dulce, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.
Related
Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.
Spondias purpurea Purple Mombin
Roseodendron donnell-smithii Gold tree
Agave nizandensis Asparagaceae
Acanthocereus tetragonus Cactus
Plumeria rubra ChelilairangebardHistory & registers
Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)wcvp.distribution answeredgbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zamclimate answeredwikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skippedinat.taxon not askedinat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skippedinat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)gbif.media answeredopenalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skippedEvery upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 215 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.








