agujaceratops, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF · observed growing wild

Rhaphiolepis deflexa (Hemsl.) B.B.Liu & J.Wen

Rosaceae

Climate known 17 photographs

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Eriobotrya deflexa, the bronze loquat, is a tree native to China, Taiwan and Vietnam.

Text from Wikipedia, “Eriobotrya deflexa”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Rhaphiolepis

Rhaphiolepis is a genus of about fifteen species of evergreen shrubs and small trees in the family Rosaceae, native to warm temperate and subtropical East Asia and Southeast Asia, from southern Japan, southern Korea and southern China, south to Thailand and Vietnam. In searching literature it is well to remember that the name commonly is misspelt "Raphiolepsis". The genus is closely related to Eriobotrya (loquats), so closely in fact, that members of the two genera have hybridised with each other; for example × Rhaphiobotrya, the "Coppertone loquat", is a hybrid of Eriobotrya deflexa X Rhaphiolepis indica. More on Wikipedia ›

The opening of Wikipedia, “Rhaphiolepis”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family

Rosaceae

Described by

(Hemsl.) B.B.Liu & J.Wen

Native to

Hainan, China Southeast, Taiwan +1

Wild records

618 in range· 90 open

At a glance

Warmest month

27°C

Jul, mean day; nights 22 °C (CHELSA)

Rain

3014mm/yr

12 wet months · peak Aug 483 mm (CHELSA)

Light

19–36DLI

mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)

In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person

Rain rule: a summer growing season, May to September in the northern hemisphere (May to September at the habitat, northern). Habitat rain 3014 mm a year, wettest August at 483 mm, driest December at 59 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 19 to 36 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 8.4 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Eriobotrya buisanensis (Hayata) Kaneh.; Eriobotrya buisanensis (Hayata) Makino & Nemoto; Eriobotrya deflexa (Hemsl.) Nakai; Eriobotrya deflexa f. buisanensis (Hayata) Nakai; Eriobotrya deflexa f. deflexa and 8 more.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: a summer growing season, May to September in the northern hemisphere (May to September at the habitat, northern).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the year's rain (2152 mm of 3014 mm) falls in May to September, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 24.2 °C against a yearly mean of 20.3 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: November to March.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 3014 mm a year, wettest August at 483 mm, driest December at 59 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

3014 mm a year at the habitat, 2152 mm of it May to September. Wettest month August at 483 mm, driest December at 59 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 2100 mm to 4161 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 19 to 36 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 19 to 36 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 15, the highest 90th-percentile month 38).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 8.4 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 8.4 °C, the absolute minimum 3.8 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 26.4 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 10.8 °C in January (across the envelope cells 3.4 °C to 16.8 °C), warmest day 27.0 °C in July (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 8.4 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 64 to 68% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 223 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale

Figures by month

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Day °C	17 / 11–21	17 / 12–22	20 / 15–24	22 / 18–26	25 / 19–28	26 / 21–29	27 / 22–30	27 / 21–30	26 / 20–28	23 / 18–27	21 / 15–25	18 / 12–22
Night °C	11 / 3–17	12 / 5–17	14 / 7–19	17 / 11–22	19 / 13–24	21 / 14–25	22 / 14–26	22 / 14–26	20 / 14–25	18 / 12–23	16 / 8–21	12 / 5–18
Rain mm	66 / 25–172	131 / 36–225	156 / 45–216	187 / 73–255	318 / 191–480	443 / 328–611	438 / 251–646	483 / 317–715	470 / 283–570	178 / 67–403	85 / 39–283	59 / 28–174
DLI	20 / 15–24	22 / 17–27	27 / 23–32	31 / 27–36	31 / 29–36	32 / 30–35	36 / 34–38	33 / 30–35	29 / 27–33	27 / 23–30	22 / 17–25	19 / 15–22
RH %	64 / 60–71	65 / 61–71	65 / 62–70	66 / 62–70	66 / 64–70	67 / 64–70	66 / 64–69	68 / 65–71	68 / 64–71	66 / 62–71	65 / 60–71	64 / 59–71

Each figure is the median across the 223 grid cells holding the 607 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1351:6015 (22.425, 120.775). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 3.8 °C, 1st-percentile night 8.4 °C, 99th-percentile day 26.4 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 223 distinct grid cells holding the 607 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1351:6015 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 22.50_120.625, lapse-corrected +963 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 1171 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.

Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

NativeHainan, China Southeast, Taiwan, Vietnam

Kew's description“tree” · “subtropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here

Map marker24.349, 121.323 · in the densest population, 502 records (81% of those in range)

Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 618 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 90 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 96 km away. 16 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 11 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.

The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 618 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Photographs: Jacy Chen, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF (4); 呂一起(Lyu yi-chi), CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF (4).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Rhaphiolepis deflexa, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

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