Salvia hispanica L.
Chia, Chia (EN), Mexikanische Chia (DE)
Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.
Summary
Salvia hispanica, one of several related species commonly known as chia, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is native to central and southern Mexico and Guatemala. It is considered a pseudocereal, cultivated for its edible, hydrophilic chia seed, grown and commonly used as food in several countries of western South America, western Mexico, and the southwestern United States.
Text from Wikipedia, “Salvia hispanica”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.
About the genus · Salvia
Salvia is the largest genus of plants in the sage family Lamiaceae, with just under 1,000 species of shrubs, herbaceous perennials, and annuals. Within the Lamiaceae, Salvia is part of the tribe Mentheae within the subfamily Nepetoideae. One of several genera commonly referred to as sage, it includes two widely used herbs, Salvia officinalis and Salvia rosmarinus.
Text from Wikipedia, “Salvia”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.
At a glance
Also known as Kiosmina hispanica (L.) Raf.; Salvia chia Colla; Salvia chia Sessé & Moc.; Salvia hispanica var. chionocalyx Fernald; Salvia hispanica var. intonsa Fernald and 4 more.
Cultivation
Grouped as a temperate garden plant by the genus Salvia, which is reliably one kind of plant (archetype table). The table holds no figure for this group, which spans too much for one minimum; the cold floor is the habitat's alone, and no prose comes from the table.
Its year Rain rule: a summer growing season, June to September in the northern hemisphere (June to September at the habitat, northern).
This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.
The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the year's rain (717 mm of 931 mm) falls in June to September, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 18.8 °C against a yearly mean of 17.0 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: December to March.
Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.
Rain Habitat rain 931 mm a year, wettest July at 211 mm, driest December at 10 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).
This species’ habitat figures, with their source.
931 mm a year at the habitat, 717 mm of it June to September. Wettest month July at 211 mm, driest December at 10 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 545 mm to 1729 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).
CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.
Light Open sky over the habitat: 30 to 46 mol/m²/day.
This species’ habitat figures, with their source.
Open sky over the habitat: 30 to 46 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 23, the highest 90th-percentile month 50).
CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.
Warmth and air Cold floor 3.9 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
This species’ habitat figures, with their source.
Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 3.9 °C, the absolute minimum -0.8 °C, 1 frost night in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 31.7 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 6.8 °C in January (across the envelope cells 3.5 °C to 11.3 °C), warmest day 25.9 °C in May (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 3.9 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).
NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.
Relative humidity at the habitat: 49 to 64% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.
CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.
The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.
Climate across the habitat
Figures by month
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day °C | 20 / 17–24 | 22 / 18–25 | 24 / 21–28 | 26 / 22–30 | 26 / 22–31 | 24 / 20–31 | 23 / 19–30 | 23 / 19–30 | 22 / 19–28 | 22 / 18–27 | 21 / 18–25 | 20 / 17–24 |
| Night °C | 7 / 4–11 | 8 / 4–12 | 9 / 5–13 | 11 / 7–16 | 13 / 9–18 | 14 / 11–20 | 14 / 10–21 | 14 / 10–21 | 13 / 10–20 | 12 / 9–17 | 9 / 6–13 | 8 / 4–12 |
| Rain mm | 19 / 9–53 | 14 / 8–33 | 11 / 4–33 | 21 / 4–62 | 54 / 18–144 | 156 / 72–305 | 211 / 83–329 | 190 / 81–312 | 160 / 81–324 | 66 / 40–154 | 19 / 9–63 | 10 / 5–51 |
| DLI | 32 / 25–34 | 37 / 30–39 | 44 / 36–45 | 46 / 40–49 | 44 / 39–50 | 39 / 33–44 | 38 / 33–43 | 37 / 32–41 | 33 / 29–36 | 33 / 29–35 | 32 / 26–34 | 30 / 23–32 |
| RH % | 53 / 48–61 | 51 / 47–59 | 49 / 44–58 | 49 / 43–59 | 53 / 45–63 | 61 / 54–68 | 64 / 57–69 | 64 / 57–69 | 64 / 58–70 | 61 / 55–68 | 56 / 50–65 | 54 / 49–63 |
Each figure is the median across the 222 grid cells holding the 300 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1354:1503 (22.275, -104.825). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -0.8 °C, 1st-percentile night 3.9 °C, 99th-percentile day 31.7 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 222 distinct grid cells holding the 300 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1354:1503 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 22.50_-105.000, lapse-corrected +628 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 1533 m (cell mean).
Natural habitat
Photographs
Photographs: (c) Dmitriy Bochkov, some rights reserved (CC BY) (3); (c) Neptalí Ramírez Marcial, some rights reserved (CC BY) (3); (c) Henry Miller, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) SK53, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA).
Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.
Papers naming this species
Works whose title or abstract names Salvia hispanica, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.
Related
Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.
Sprekelia formosissima Jacobean lily
Fraxinus uhdei Shamel ash
Salvia leucantha Curacao Sage
Amphilophium buccinatorium Blood-Trumpet
Dahlia coccinea red dahlia
Agave spicata AsparagaceaeOther Salvia 27 in the reference
Salvia apiana Californian White Sage
Salvia azurea Blue Sage
Salvia chamaedryoides Blue Oak Sage
Salvia clevelandii Cleveland Sage
Salvia coccinea Blood sage
Salvia elegans Pineapple Scented Sage
Salvia farinacea Mealy Blue Sage
Salvia greggii San Antone-oregano
Salvia guaranitica Anise-scented Sage
Salvia involucrata Roseleaf sage
Salvia lavanduloides Lavender Leaf Sage Salvia leucantha Curacao Sage all 28 ›History & registers
Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)wcvp.distribution answeredgbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zamclimate answeredwikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skippedinat.taxon not askedinat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skippedinat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)gbif.media answeredopenalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skippedEvery upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 107 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.