Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi
Brazil Pepper Tree, Brazilian holly, Brazilian pepper, Brazilian pepper
Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.
Summary
Schinus terebinthifolia is a species of flowering plant in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae, that is native to subtropical and tropical South America. Common names include Brazilian peppertree, aroeira, rose pepper, broadleaved pepper tree, wilelaiki, Christmasberry tree and Florida holly. The species name has been very commonly misspelled as 'terebinthifolius'.
Text from Wikipedia, “Schinus terebinthifolia”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.
About the genus · Schinus
Schinus is a genus of flowering trees and tall shrubs in the sumac family, Anacardiaceae. Members of the genus are commonly known as pepper trees. The Peruvian pepper tree is the source of the spice known as pink peppercorn.
Text from Wikipedia, “Schinus”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.
At a glance
Also known as Rhus heptaphylla Hiern; Rhus schinoides Willd.; Rhus schinoides Willd. ex Schult.; Rhus simarubifolia var. neocaledonica Baker fil.; Rhus trijuga Poir. and 11 more.
Cultivation
Its year Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (April to November in the northern hemisphere).
This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.
The rain rule reads no season: 70% of the year's rain (1173 mm of 1531 mm) takes 8 months, October to May. Mean temperature moves 7.2 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: April to November.
Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.
Rain Habitat rain 1531 mm a year, wettest January at 185 mm, driest August at 74 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).
This species’ habitat figures, with their source.
1531 mm a year at the habitat, 1173 mm of it October to May. Wettest month January at 185 mm, driest August at 74 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 1195 mm to 2038 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).
CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.
Light Open sky over the habitat: 22 to 39 mol/m²/day.
This species’ habitat figures, with their source.
Open sky over the habitat: 22 to 39 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 17, the highest 90th-percentile month 42).
CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.
Warmth and air Cold floor 8.3 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
This species’ habitat figures, with their source.
Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 8.3 °C, the absolute minimum 3.2 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 33.4 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 13.4 °C in July (across the envelope cells 9.5 °C to 22.2 °C), warmest day 28.0 °C in February (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 8.3 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).
NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.
Relative humidity at the habitat: 62 to 64% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.
CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.
The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.
Climate across the habitat
Figures by month
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day °C | 28 / 25–30 | 28 / 25–30 | 28 / 25–29 | 26 / 23–28 | 24 / 20–27 | 22 / 18–26 | 22 / 18–25 | 24 / 19–26 | 25 / 20–27 | 26 / 22–28 | 27 / 23–29 | 27 / 25–30 |
| Night °C | 21 / 18–25 | 21 / 18–25 | 21 / 17–25 | 18 / 15–24 | 16 / 12–24 | 14 / 10–23 | 13 / 10–22 | 14 / 10–22 | 16 / 12–23 | 18 / 14–23 | 19 / 15–24 | 21 / 17–24 |
| Rain mm | 185 / 69–292 | 158 / 80–213 | 148 / 104–208 | 116 / 77–212 | 112 / 53–221 | 94 / 33–217 | 94 / 30–183 | 74 / 28–127 | 96 / 58–163 | 131 / 66–204 | 149 / 88–214 | 174 / 73–250 |
| DLI | 39 / 34–42 | 37 / 35–42 | 34 / 31–38 | 29 / 24–34 | 23 / 19–29 | 22 / 17–27 | 23 / 18–27 | 27 / 23–31 | 30 / 26–37 | 35 / 31–40 | 38 / 34–41 | 38 / 35–42 |
| RH % | 64 / 61–68 | 64 / 62–68 | 64 / 62–68 | 64 / 61–67 | 64 / 60–66 | 64 / 60–66 | 63 / 58–66 | 62 / 56–65 | 62 / 57–66 | 63 / 59–67 | 63 / 59–67 | 64 / 60–68 |
Each figure is the median across the 295 grid cells holding the 325 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 2328:2623 (-26.425, -48.825). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 3.2 °C, 1st-percentile night 8.3 °C, 99th-percentile day 33.4 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 295 distinct grid cells holding the 325 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2328:2623 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -26.50_-48.750, lapse-corrected -43 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 26 m (cell mean).
Natural habitat
Photographs
Photographs: Damien Wallace, CC0, iNaturalist via GBIF; Riccardo Rocca, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF; Shaun Swanepoel, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF (2); Jochen Essig, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF; CK2AZ, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF (2); Tony Rebelo, CC BY-SA, iNaturalist via GBIF.
Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.
Papers naming this species
Works whose title or abstract names Schinus terebinthifolia, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.
Related
Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.
Passiflora alata Wing-stemmed passion flower
Passiflora edulis Passion Fruit
Dorstenia bowmanniana Moraceae
Pereskia aculeata Barbados Shrub
Oxalis debilis Large-Flowered Pink-Sorrel
Dichorisandra thyrsiflora Blue gingerOther Schinus 2 in the reference
History & registers
Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)wcvp.distribution answeredgbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zamclimate answeredwikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skippedinat.taxon not askedinat.photos.wild nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)gbif.media answeredopenalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skippedEvery upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 136 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.








