Species
+

Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski

Bay Biscayne creeping-oxeye, Bay Biscayne creeping-oxeye, Creeping ox-eye, Singapore daisy, Trailing daisy, Carpet Daisy, Creeping Daisy

Climate known 52 photographs
Add one to my plants Sow seed

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Sphagneticola trilobata, commonly known as the Bay Biscayne creeping-oxeye, marigold Singapore daisy, creeping-oxeye, trailing daisy, and wedelia, is a plant in the tribe Heliantheae of the family Asteraceae. It is native to Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, but now grows throughout the Neotropics. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental groundcover.

Text from Wikipedia, “Sphagneticola trilobata”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Sphagneticola

Sphagneticola is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Creeping-oxeye is a common name for plants in this genus.SpeciesSphagneticola brachycarpa (Baker) Pruski - Guyana, Venezuela, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Peru, Bolivia Sphagneticola calendulacea (L.) Pruski - China, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Indonesia, Philippines Sphagneticola gracilis (Rich.) Pruski - Puerto Rico, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Antigua Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski - native to South America, widely naturalized in many subtropical and tropical regions Sphagneticola ulei O.Hoffm. - native to the American tropics

Text from Wikipedia, “Sphagneticola”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Asteraceae
Described by
(L.) Pruski
Native to
Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest +21
Wild records
474 in range· 267 open

At a glance

Warmest month
28°C
Feb, mean day; nights 22 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
1647mm/yr
12 wet months · peak Dec 167 mm (CHELSA)
Light
27–35DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (September to January, March and June to July at the habitat (not shifted)). Habitat rain 1647 mm a year, wettest December at 167 mm, driest April at 109 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 27 to 35 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 14.2 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Acmella brasiliensis Spreng.; Acmella spilanthoides Cass.; Buphthalmum heterophyllum Willd.; Buphthalmum heterophyllum Willd. ex DC.; Buphthalmum procumbens Desf. and 40 more.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (September to January, March and June to July at the habitat (not shifted)).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads no season: 70% of the year's rain (1176 mm of 1647 mm) takes 8 months, September to January, March and June to July. Mean temperature moves 1.3 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; with a flat temperature curve there is no season to reverse, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 1647 mm a year, wettest December at 167 mm, driest April at 109 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

1647 mm a year at the habitat, 1176 mm of it September to January, March and June to July. Wettest month December at 167 mm, driest April at 109 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 1020 mm to 3551 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 27 to 35 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 27 to 35 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 18, the highest 90th-percentile month 42).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 14.2 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 14.2 °C, the absolute minimum 8.6 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 38.5 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 20.1 °C in July (across the envelope cells 11.7 °C to 25.1 °C), warmest day 27.6 °C in February (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 14.2 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 64 to 65% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 26 °C in Jul to 28 °C in Feb; mean night from 20 °C in Jul to 22 °C in Feb. The cold quarter, Jun to Aug, is the three months around the coldest night. 1647 mm of rain a year, most in Dec. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 402 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was 8.6 °C and the 99th-percentile day 38.5 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.10°15°20°25°30°35°40°38.5° 99th-percentile day (undated)8.6° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500mm rainDLI 27–35RH 64–65 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 402 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C27 / 24–3028 / 25–3028 / 25–3028 / 24–3127 / 22–3127 / 20–3026 / 20–3027 / 21–3027 / 22–3027 / 23–3027 / 24–2927 / 24–29
Night °C21 / 17–2422 / 17–2422 / 17–2421 / 16–2521 / 14–2521 / 12–2520 / 12–2520 / 12–2521 / 14–2521 / 15–2521 / 16–2421 / 17–24
Rain mm136 / 27–329122 / 13–257142 / 12–267109 / 21–274120 / 29–375140 / 26–398134 / 22–384120 / 24–401152 / 55–384153 / 58–423152 / 31–369167 / 25–327
DLI34 / 25–3935 / 30–3934 / 30–4132 / 24–4229 / 20–4127 / 18–3828 / 19–3830 / 22–3831 / 25–3832 / 27–3833 / 25–3932 / 24–39
RH %64 / 59–6964 / 59–6864 / 59–6965 / 59–6965 / 59–7065 / 60–7165 / 59–7065 / 57–7065 / 58–7065 / 60–7165 / 60–7165 / 60–69

Each figure is the median across the 402 grid cells holding the 467 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1334:1470 (23.275, -106.475). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 8.6 °C, 1st-percentile night 14.2 °C, 99th-percentile day 38.5 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 402 distinct grid cells holding the 467 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1334:1470 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 23.50_-106.250, lapse-corrected -366 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 6 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeMexico Gulf, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast, Belize, Costa Rica, C. American Pacific Is., Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Trinidad-Tobago, French Guiana, Guyana, Surinam, Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil North, Brazil South· introduced: Canary Is., Madeira, Benin, Guinea, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Gabon, Gulf of Guinea Is., Zaïre, Zimbabwe, Comoros, Seychelles, China Southeast, Taiwan, Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, South China Sea, Thailand, Malaya, Philippines, Christmas I., New Guinea, Norfolk Is., New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia, Samoa, Tokelau-Manihiki, Vanuatu, Marquesas, Society Is., Tubuai Is., Caroline Is., Marianas, Marshall Is., Hawaii, Florida, Bahamas, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Is. AB Ant, Puerto Rico, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is.
Kew's description“subshrub” · “seasonally dry tropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker-23.6, -46.78 · in the densest population, 132 records (28% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 474 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 267 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 20 km away. 1425 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 7 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 474 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Sphagneticola trilobataSphagneticola trilobataSphagneticola trilobataSphagneticola trilobataSphagneticola trilobataSphagneticola trilobataSphagneticola trilobataSphagneticola trilobata

Photographs: (c) portioid, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Chelle Temple-King, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Robert Taylor, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) Suvarna Parbhoo Mohan, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (3); (c) Andre Hosper, some rights reserved (CC BY).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Sphagneticola trilobata, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Revista de Pesquisa Cuidado é Fundamental Online
LEMÕES, M. A. M., JACONDINO, M., CEOLIN, T., HECK, R. M. (2025) · Revista de Pesquisa Cuidado é Fundamental Online
Taxonomic study of one generic and two new species record to the flora of Pakistan using multiple microscopic techniques
Saraj Bahadur, Mushtaq Ahmad, Muhammad Zafar, Saba Gul (2019) · Microscopy Research and Technique
Plantas medicinais utilizadas por idosos com diagnóstico de Diabetes mellitus no tratamento dos sintomas da doença
Aline Machado Feijó, Maria Emília Nunes Bueno, Teila Ceolin, Caroline Leon Linck (2012) · Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais
Green Preservation of Goatskin to Deplete Chloride from Tannery Wastewater
Md. Abul Hashem, Sofia Payel, Mehedi Hasan, Md Abdul Momen (2021) · HighTech and Innovation Journal

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not asked
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 98 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.