Species
+

Thalia dealbata Fraser

Hardy canna, Powdered thalia, Powdery alligator-flag, powdery thalia

Climate known 61 photographs Tropical foliage plant
Add one to my plants Sow seed

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Thalia dealbata, the powdery alligator-flag, hardy canna, or powdery thalia, is an aquatic plant in the family Marantaceae, native to swamps, ponds and other wetlands in the southern and central United States. Its range includes much of Coastal Plains and the lower Mississippi Valley. The plant has been grown as an aquatic ornamental because of the pretty violet flowers, and in cultivation has been proved hardy as far north as Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) and Vancouver.

Text from Wikipedia, “Thalia dealbata”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

Family
Marantaceae
Described by
Fraser
Native to
Illinois, Missouri, Oklahoma +7
Wild records
508 in range· 161 open

At a glance

Warmest month
33°C
Aug, mean day; nights 24 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
1216mm/yr
12 wet months · peak May 126 mm (CHELSA)
Light
17–41DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Grouped as a tropical foliage plant by Marantaceae, which is usually but not always one kind of plant (archetype table). Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (March, May to July and September to December in the northern hemisphere). Habitat rain 1216 mm a year, wettest May at 126 mm, driest February at 83 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 17 to 41 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 12 °C (archetype minimum for a tropical foliage plant, above the -3.2 °C habitat night).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Malacarya dealbata (Fraser) Raf.; Maranta dealbata (Fraser) A.Dietr.; Peronia stricta F.Delaroche; Peronia stricta Redouté; Spirostalis biflora Raf. and 3 more.

Cultivation

Grouped as a tropical foliage plant by Marantaceae, which is usually but not always one kind of plant (archetype table). The table supplies one figure for this group, a conventional minimum for the cold floor, and no prose.

Its year Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (March, May to July and September to December in the northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads no season: 70% of the year's rain (868 mm of 1216 mm) takes 8 months, March, May to July and September to December. Mean temperature moves 18.4 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: November to January, March to June and September.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 1216 mm a year, wettest May at 126 mm, driest February at 83 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

1216 mm a year at the habitat, 868 mm of it March, May to July and September to December. Wettest month May at 126 mm, driest February at 83 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 913 mm to 1456 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 17 to 41 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 17 to 41 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 13, the highest 90th-percentile month 43).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 12 °C (archetype minimum for a tropical foliage plant, above the -3.2 °C habitat night).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is -3.2 °C, the absolute minimum -10.7 °C, about 15 frost nights a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 36.8 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 5.7 °C in January (across the envelope cells -2.3 °C to 8.4 °C), warmest day 32.7 °C in August (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 12 °C. The habitat figure, the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER), is -3.2 °C; the archetype table's conventional minimum for a tropical foliage plant (grouped by Marantaceae, which is usually but not always one kind of plant) is 12 °C, which is higher, and the floor rule takes the higher.

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence, and the archetype table's group minimum where that is higher. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 57 to 60% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 14 °C in Jan to 33 °C in Aug; mean night from 6 °C in Jan to 24 °C in Jul. The cold quarter, Dec to Feb, is the three months around the coldest night. 1216 mm of rain a year, most in May. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 245 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was -10.7 °C and the 99th-percentile day 36.8 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.-20°-10°10°20°30°40°frost36.8° 99th-percentile day (undated)-10.7° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200mm rainDLI 17–41RH 57–60 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 245 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C14 / 6–1816 / 9–1920 / 15–2324 / 20–2628 / 25–3031 / 29–3233 / 31–3433 / 31–3530 / 27–3125 / 21–2720 / 14–2216 / 8–18
Night °C6 / -2–87 / -0–1011 / 4–1314 / 10–1719 / 15–2122 / 20–2424 / 22–2524 / 21–2521 / 17–2216 / 11–1811 / 6–147 / -1–10
Rain mm90 / 55–12083 / 57–11292 / 71–12686 / 69–127126 / 88–142121 / 95–177105 / 61–15189 / 53–16298 / 77–143113 / 90–143115 / 65–12798 / 63–133
DLI18 / 15–1922 / 20–2329 / 27–3035 / 34–3738 / 37–4040 / 39–4241 / 39–4338 / 35–4032 / 30–3326 / 23–2720 / 16–2117 / 13–17
RH %58 / 57–6058 / 56–6057 / 55–6057 / 54–6060 / 57–6260 / 57–6359 / 57–6358 / 55–6257 / 56–6057 / 55–5958 / 57–5959 / 57–60

Each figure is the median across the 245 grid cells holding the 468 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1143:1999 (32.825, -80.025). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -10.7 °C, 1st-percentile night -3.2 °C, 99th-percentile day 36.8 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 245 distinct grid cells holding the 468 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1143:1999 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 33.00_-80.000, lapse-corrected -11 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 2 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeIllinois, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina
Kew's description“rhizomatous geophyte” · “temperate”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker29.761, -95.618 · in the densest population, 234 records (46% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 508 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 161 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 12 km away. 275 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 40 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 508 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Thalia dealbataThalia dealbataThalia dealbataThalia dealbataThalia dealbataThalia dealbataThalia dealbataThalia dealbata

Photographs: (c) Michael J. Papay, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Brandon Johnson, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Rich Sommer, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Sophia K, some rights reserved (CC BY) (4); no rights reserved · CC0.

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Thalia dealbata, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Biomimetic Architectured Graphene Aerogel with Exceptional Strength and Resilience
Yang Miao, Nifang Zhao, Ying Cui, Weiwei Gao (2017) · ACS Nano
Sorption of ammonium and phosphate from aqueous solution by biochar derived from phytoremediation plants
Zheng Zeng, Song-da Zhang, Tingqiang Li, Fengliang Zhao (2013) · Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B
Wetland Restoration and Invasive Species: Apple snail (Pomacea insularum) Feeding on Native and Invasive Aquatic Plants
Lyubov E. Burlakova, Alexander Y. Karatayev, Dianna K. Padilla, Leah D. Cartwright (2008) · Restoration Ecology
Thalia dealbata Inspired Anisotropic Cellular Biomass Derived Carbonaceous Aerogel
Tao Chen, Jian Zhang, Peiheng Shi, Yi Li (2018) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
Growth inhibition and biochemical changes of cyanobacteria induced by emergent macrophyte Thalia dealbata roots
Tingting Zhang, Li-long Wang, Zongxiang He, Dian Zhang (2011) · Biochemical Systematics and Ecology

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

Other Thalia 1 in the reference

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not asked
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 52 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.