Species
+

Tricyrtis hirta (Thunb.) Hook.

Hairy Toad Lily, Toadlily, toad lily

Climate known 54 photographs Bulb, tuber or caudex
Add one to my plants Sow seed

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Tricyrtis hirta , the toad lily or hairy toad lily, is a Japanese species of hardy herbaceous perennial plant in the lily family Liliaceae.

Text from Wikipedia, “Tricyrtis hirta”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Tricyrtis

Tricyrtis is a genus of Asian flowering plants in the lily family, with approximately 20 known species. The species are commonly known in English as toad lilies. The genus has a native range from the Himalayas to eastern Asia, including China, Japan, Philippines and Taiwan, and a few species are cultivated for their ornamental qualities in other parts of the world.

Text from Wikipedia, “Tricyrtis”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Liliaceae
Described by
(Thunb.) Hook.
Native to
Japan
Wild records
576 in range· 493 open

At a glance

Warmest month
27°C
Aug, mean day; nights 23 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
1963mm/yr
12 wet months · peak Sep 257 mm (CHELSA)
Light
16–33DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Grouped as a bulb, tuber or caudex by Liliaceae, which is usually but not always one kind of plant (archetype table). Rain rule: a summer growing season, March and May to October in the northern hemisphere (March and May to October at the habitat, northern). Habitat rain 1963 mm a year, wettest September at 257 mm, driest December at 64 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 16 to 33 mol/m²/day. Cold floor -3.7 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Compsoa hirta (Thunb.) Kuntze; Uvularia hirta Thunb.

Cultivation

Grouped as a bulb, tuber or caudex by Liliaceae, which is usually but not always one kind of plant (archetype table). The table holds no figure for this group, which spans too much for one minimum; the cold floor is the habitat's alone, and no prose comes from the table.

Its year Rain rule: a summer growing season, March and May to October in the northern hemisphere (March and May to October at the habitat, northern).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the year's rain (1462 mm of 1963 mm) falls in March and May to October, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 19.5 °C against a yearly mean of 14.8 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: November to April and September.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 1963 mm a year, wettest September at 257 mm, driest December at 64 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

1963 mm a year at the habitat, 1462 mm of it March and May to October. Wettest month September at 257 mm, driest December at 64 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 1487 mm to 2929 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 16 to 33 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 16 to 33 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 15, the highest 90th-percentile month 35).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor -3.7 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is -3.7 °C, the absolute minimum -8.9 °C, about 58 frost nights a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 34.9 °C. Monthly means: coldest night -0.1 °C in January (across the envelope cells -7.1 °C to 4.8 °C), warmest day 27.4 °C in August (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: -3.7 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 56 to 68% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 8 °C in Jan to 27 °C in Aug; mean night from -0 °C in Jan to 23 °C in Aug. The cold quarter, Dec to Feb, is the three months around the coldest night. 1963 mm of rain a year, most in Sep. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 339 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was -8.9 °C and the 99th-percentile day 34.9 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.-10°10°20°30°40°frost34.9° 99th-percentile day (undated)-8.9° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500mm rainDLI 16–33RH 56–68 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 339 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C8 / 3–98 / 3–1011 / 7–1316 / 13–1720 / 17–2223 / 20–2526 / 24–2827 / 25–2925 / 22–2620 / 16–2115 / 11–1710 / 6–12
Night °C-0 / -7–50 / -7–53 / -2–79 / 4–1213 / 9–1618 / 13–1921 / 17–2323 / 18–2419 / 15–2214 / 9–178 / 3–123 / -3–8
Rain mm74 / 49–10185 / 55–129159 / 106–234159 / 117–245174 / 130–282228 / 164–407225 / 155–386216 / 141–348257 / 205–395203 / 150–261119 / 84–16064 / 49–86
DLI18 / 16–1922 / 21–2426 / 25–2932 / 30–3333 / 32–3530 / 27–3231 / 29–3432 / 30–3525 / 23–2720 / 19–2317 / 16–1916 / 15–18
RH %56 / 53–6157 / 54–6058 / 56–6160 / 58–6263 / 60–6567 / 64–6968 / 66–7167 / 65–7065 / 63–6862 / 60–6560 / 57–6257 / 55–61

Each figure is the median across the 339 grid cells holding the 556 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1090:6386 (35.475, 139.325). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -8.9 °C, 1st-percentile night -3.7 °C, 99th-percentile day 34.9 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 339 distinct grid cells holding the 556 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1090:6386 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 35.50_139.375, lapse-corrected -154 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 79 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeJapan
Kew's description“perennial” · “temperate”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker35.341, 139.166 · in the densest population, 440 records (76% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 576 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 493 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 1 km away. 90 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 20 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 576 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Tricyrtis hirtaTricyrtis hirtaTricyrtis hirtaTricyrtis hirtaTricyrtis hirtaTricyrtis hirtaTricyrtis hirtaTricyrtis hirta

Photographs: (c) 村山史世 (Fumiyo MURAYAMA), some rights reserved (CC BY) (4); no rights reserved · CC0; (c) harum.koh, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA); (c) WATANABE Hitoshi 渡辺仁, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Tricyrtis hirta, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Somaclonal variation in Tricyrtis hirta plants regenerated from 1-year-old embryogenic callus cultures
Masaru Nakano, Toshikazu Nomizu, Keiko Mizunashi, Mami Suzuki (2006) · Scientia Horticulturae
Restricting Promiscuity of Plant Flavonoid 3′-Hydroxylase and 4′- O -Methyltransferase Improves the Biosynthesis of (2 S )-Hesperetin in E. coli
Juan Liu, Zhiqiang Xiao, Siqi Zhang, Zhen Wang (2023) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED PRODUCTION OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS IN TRICYRTIS HIRTA(LILIACEAE)
Yukiko Adachi, Shuji Mori, Masaru Nakano (2005) · Acta Horticulturae
Morphological variation in Tricyrtis hirta plants regenerated from heavy ion beam-irradiated embryogenic calluses
Masaru Nakano, Junji Amano, Yusuke Watanabe, Toshikazu Nomizu (2010) · Plant Biotechnology
Systems Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the High-Level Production of (2S)-Eriodictyol
Siqi Zhang, Juan Liu, Zhiqiang Xiao, Xinjia Tan (2024) · Journal of Fungi
ISOLIERUNG DER ALKALOIDE VOM COLCHICINTYPUS AUS EINIGEN ARTEN DER UNTERFAMILIEWURMBAEOIDEAE
B. Moza, H. Potěšilová, F. Šantavý (1962) · Planta Medica
Stability of β-glucuronidase gene expression in transgenic Tricyrtis hirta plants after two years of cultivation
Shuji Mori, Eriko Oka, Hiroto Umehara, H. Kobayashi (2008) · Biologia Plantarum
Controlled Freezing of Herbaceous Perennials
Leonard P. Perry, Todd A. Herrick (1995) · HortScience
Basikaryotype analysis in hybrids between Tricyrtis hirta and T. formosana
Y. Sinotô, Dyûhei Satô (1942) · The Japanese Journal of Genetics
Cyto-genetical Studies on Tricyrtis, IV
Y. Sinotô, Dyûhei Satô (1942) · CYTOLOGIA

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

Other Tricyrtis 1 in the reference

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not asked
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 47 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.