lallen, CC0, iNaturalist via GBIF · observed growing wild

Uncarina leandrii Humbert

Pedaliaceae

Climate known 9 photographs

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

About the genus · Uncarina

Uncarina, also called succulent sesame, mousetrap plant, or local names include farehitra or farehitsy, is a genus of semi-succulent flowering plants in the Pedaliaceae found in Madagascar. As most species within the genus are inhabitants of dry, semi-arid or seasonally-dry regions, many mature into water-storing pachycauls, or "caudiciformes"—a common colloquial term to describe plants that normally inhabit drier climates and develop a large, woody base, or "foot", known as a caudex. In these species, a plant's lower half gradually accumulates and stores water ; over time, the caudex changes shape, swelling to an often impressive size, as it adds to its own moisture "reservoir" for future periods of drought.

Text from Wikipedia, “Uncarina”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family

Pedaliaceae

Described by

Humbert

Native to

Madagascar

Wild records

67 in range· 55 open

At a glance

Warmest month

30°C

Nov, mean day; nights 19 °C (CHELSA)

Rain

918mm/yr

7 wet months · peak Jan 253 mm (CHELSA)

Light

28–46DLI

mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)

In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person

Rain rule: a summer growing season, June to September in the northern hemisphere (December to March at the habitat, southern). Habitat rain 918 mm a year, wettest January at 253 mm, driest June at 3 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 28 to 46 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 8.7 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: a summer growing season, June to September in the northern hemisphere (December to March at the habitat, southern).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the year's rain (735 mm of 918 mm) falls in December to March, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 25.0 °C against a yearly mean of 22.7 °C). Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: June to September.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 918 mm a year, wettest January at 253 mm, driest June at 3 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

918 mm a year at the habitat, 735 mm of it December to March. Wettest month January at 253 mm, driest June at 3 mm; 2 months under 5 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 773 mm to 1458 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 28 to 46 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 28 to 46 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 24, the highest 90th-percentile month 47).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 8.7 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 8.7 °C, the absolute minimum 4.0 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 35.9 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 12.8 °C in July (across the envelope cells 10.8 °C to 19.4 °C), warmest day 30.4 °C in November (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 8.7 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 54 to 65% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 46 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale

Figures by month

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Day °C	29 / 27–31	29 / 27–31	29 / 27–32	29 / 26–32	27 / 24–31	25 / 22–30	25 / 22–30	27 / 23–31	29 / 26–32	30 / 28–33	30 / 28–34	30 / 28–32
Night °C	21 / 19–24	20 / 18–24	20 / 18–24	18 / 16–23	16 / 14–22	13 / 11–20	13 / 11–19	13 / 11–20	15 / 13–21	17 / 15–22	19 / 16–23	20 / 18–24
Rain mm	253 / 184–431	200 / 148–349	119 / 92–183	36 / 22–71	16 / 11–26	3 / 1–11	6 / 1–22	4 / 2–12	11 / 7–18	35 / 14–54	72 / 47–125	163 / 120–259
DLI	39 / 36–42	39 / 35–41	38 / 36–39	35 / 32–36	30 / 27–32	28 / 24–29	29 / 25–30	34 / 31–35	40 / 38–41	44 / 42–46	46 / 44–47	43 / 41–45
RH %	64 / 62–67	65 / 61–68	64 / 59–65	60 / 56–63	57 / 54–62	55 / 53–62	54 / 52–62	55 / 50–61	56 / 49–60	57 / 52–60	59 / 54–62	62 / 59–65

Each figure is the median across the 46 grid cells holding the 66 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 2250:4529 (-22.525, 46.475). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 4.0 °C, 1st-percentile night 8.7 °C, 99th-percentile day 35.9 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 46 distinct grid cells holding the 66 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2250:4529 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -22.50_46.250, lapse-corrected -167 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 636 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.

Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

NativeMadagascar

Kew's description“desert or dry shrubland”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here

Map marker-22.717, 44.817 · in the densest population, 45 records (67% of those in range)

Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 67 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 55 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 11 km away. 1 in-range record is placed to worse than 10 km and stays on the map but off the climate.

The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 67 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Photographs: Margaret Stevens, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF; Rosario Douglas, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF (2); Gary Yong Gee, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF (2); Micha Baum, CC BY-SA, iNaturalist via GBIF (3).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Uncarina leandrii, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Wood Anatomy of Uncarina Leandrii H. Humb. (Pedaliaceae) and Its Relation to Bignoniaceae

R.W. den Outer, W.L.H. van Veenendaal (1983) · IAWA Journal - KU Leuven/IAWA Journal

Occurrence Download