Species
+

Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf.f.

Bandera danesa (Puerto Rico), Bandera holandesa, Bleeding Heart Vine / Bleeding Hearts, Bleeding glory-bower, Glory-bower, Bagflower, Bleeding-heart vine

Climate known 48 photographs
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Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Clerodendrum thomsoniae is a species of flowering plant in the genus Clerodendrum of the family Lamiaceae, native to tropical west Africa from Cameroon west to Senegal. It is an evergreen liana growing to 4 m (13 ft) tall, with ovate to oblong leaves 8–17 cm (3–7 in) cm long. The flowers are produced in cymes of 8–20 together, each flower with a pure white to pale purple five-lobed calyx 2.5 cm in diameter, and a red five-lobed corolla 2 cm long and in diameter. The flowers are born in cymose inflorescences arising from the axils of the leaves. More on Wikipedia ›

The opening of Wikipedia, “Clerodendrum thomsoniae”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Clerodendrum

Clerodendrum is a genus of flowering plants formerly placed in the family Verbenaceae, but now considered to belong to the Lamiaceae (mint) family. Its common names include glorybower, bagflower, pagoda flower and bleeding-heart. It is currently classified in the subfamily Ajugoideae, being one of several genera transferred from Verbenaceae to Lamiaceae in the 1990s, based on phylogenetic analysis of morphological and molecular data.

Text from Wikipedia, “Clerodendrum”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Lamiaceae
Described by
Balf.f.
Native to
Gambia, The, Ghana, Nigeria +4
Wild records
20 in range· 10 open

At a glance

Warmest month
32°C
Feb, mean day; nights 24 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
2330mm/yr
11 wet months · peak Sep 343 mm (CHELSA)
Light
23–35DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Rain rule: a sharp rainy season, May to October at the habitat (not shifted); the temperature curve is flat (2.9 °C of range), so no growing season is inferred. Habitat rain 2330 mm a year, wettest September at 343 mm, driest January at 19 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 23 to 35 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 15.5 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Clerodendrum balfourii (B.D.Jacks. ex Dombrain) Dombrain; Clerodendrum delectum Pynaert; Clerodendrum thompsoniae Balf.f.; Clerodendrum thomsonae Balf., 1862; Clerodendrum thomsoniae var. balfourii B.D.Jacks. and 1 more.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: a sharp rainy season, May to October at the habitat (not shifted); the temperature curve is flat (2.9 °C of range), so no growing season is inferred.

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a sharp season: 70% of the year's rain (1828 mm of 2330 mm) falls in May to October. The temperature curve is flat, 2.9 °C between the warmest and coldest month, so the growing-season rule does not infer a growing season from it. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere, within 10° of the equator; with no thermal season there there is no season to reverse, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 2330 mm a year, wettest September at 343 mm, driest January at 19 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

2330 mm a year at the habitat, 1828 mm of it May to October. Wettest month September at 343 mm, driest January at 19 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 987 mm to 3512 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 23 to 35 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 23 to 35 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 21, the highest 90th-percentile month 39).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 15.5 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 15.5 °C, the absolute minimum 12.6 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 33.2 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 22.2 °C in August (across the envelope cells 19.9 °C to 23.5 °C), warmest day 31.9 °C in February (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 15.5 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 63 to 71% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 27 °C in Jul to 32 °C in Feb; mean night from 22 °C in Aug to 24 °C in Mar. The cold quarter, Jul to Sep, is the three months around the coldest night. 2330 mm of rain a year, most in Sep. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 18 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was 12.6 °C and the 99th-percentile day 33.2 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.10°15°20°25°30°35°33.2° 99th-percentile day (undated)12.6° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500600mm rainDLI 23–35RH 63–71 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 18 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C31 / 26–3332 / 27–3431 / 26–3330 / 26–3230 / 25–3128 / 25–2927 / 24–2828 / 24–2828 / 24–2929 / 25–2930 / 26–3130 / 26–32
Night °C23 / 20–2424 / 21–2524 / 21–2624 / 21–2624 / 21–2523 / 20–2422 / 20–2422 / 20–2422 / 20–2423 / 20–2523 / 20–2523 / 20–24
Rain mm19 / 6–4146 / 14–66123 / 48–180192 / 96–266263 / 131–336302 / 110–425314 / 67–563318 / 65–584343 / 107–534288 / 114–44397 / 29–18325 / 9–43
DLI34 / 31–3735 / 33–3933 / 31–3930 / 29–3828 / 26–3425 / 23–3123 / 21–3224 / 22–3426 / 24–3427 / 25–3530 / 28–3531 / 29–34
RH %63 / 54–7064 / 58–6966 / 62–7169 / 64–7470 / 65–7571 / 65–7770 / 64–7870 / 64–7871 / 65–7771 / 64–7769 / 64–7465 / 58–72

Each figure is the median across the 18 grid cells holding the 20 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1676:3706 (6.175, 5.325). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 12.6 °C, 1st-percentile night 15.5 °C, 99th-percentile day 33.2 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 18 distinct grid cells holding the 20 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1676:3706 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 6.00_5.625, lapse-corrected -26 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 7 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeGambia, The, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Cameroon, Gulf of Guinea Is.· introduced: Zaïre, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, Sulawesi, Vanuatu, Marquesas, Society Is., Caroline Is., Marianas, North Carolina, Mexico Southeast, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Leeward Is. AB Ant, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Windward Is., Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Kew's description“liana” · “wet tropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker3.8, 10.13 · in the densest population, 9 records (45% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 20 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 10 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 128 km away. 1066 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 20 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Clerodendrum thomsoniaeClerodendrum thomsoniaeClerodendrum thomsoniaeClerodendrum thomsoniaeClerodendrum thomsoniaeClerodendrum thomsoniaeClerodendrum thomsoniaeClerodendrum thomsoniae

Photographs: (c) portioid, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Sagnik Dutta Roy, some rights reserved (CC BY) (4); (c) Dylan Lewis, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) Keenan Pepper, some rights reserved (CC BY).

Photographs: iNaturalist and Wikimedia Commons did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Clerodendrum thomsoniae, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Conserved chloroplast genome sequences of the genus Clerodendrum Linn. (Lamiaceae) as a super-barcode
Haimei Chen, Haodong Chen, Haodong Chen, Haodong Chen (2023) · PLoS ONE
Gibberellin‐Growth Retardant Interactions on the Growth and Flowering of Clerodendrum thomsoniae
David S. Koranski, Brent H. McCown, Β. Esther Struckmeyer, G. Ε. Beck (1979) · Physiologia Plantarum
Phytochemical compositions, antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antibacterial properties of Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf.f. leaves: In vitro and in silico analyses
Shubham Bhattacharyya, Sovan Samanta, Mayukh Hore, Samir Barai (2024) · Pharmacological Research - Natural Products
The Role of Ancymidol in Clerodendrum Flower Initiation and Development1
David S. Koranski, Β. Esther Struckmeyer, G. Ε. Beck (1978) · Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science
EFFECT OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CLERODENDRUM THOMSONIAE LINN (VERBENACEAE) LEAVES ON TYPE 2 DIABETIC WISTAR RATS INDUCED BY THE MACAPOS1 TYPE DIET AND DEXAMETHASONE
Eric Martial Deutchoua Ngounou, Mang Yannick Dimitry, Faustin Dongmo, Oumar Waassili Ibrahim Malla (2021) · Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Apoptosis Induction and Anticancer Activity of 2, 4-bis (1-phenylethyl) Phenol from Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf.f. in vitro
VK Muhammed Ashraf, Kalaichelvan VK Kalaichelvan, Ragunathan R Ragunathan, Venkatachalam VV Venkatachalam (2020) · International Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
Antiproliferative Potential of Ethyl acetate Extract of Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf.f. on DMBA-induced Breast Cancer in Female Sprague-dawley Rats
VK Muhammed Ashraf, Kalaichelvan VK Kalaichelvan, Ragunathan R Ragunathan, Venkatachalam VV Venkatachalam (2021) · Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
Hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of Clerodendrum thomsoniae Linn. (Verbenaceae) leaves in albino rats, Rattus norvegicus (Muridae)
Deutchoua Eric Martial, Mang Yannick Dimitry, Sokeng Dongmo Sélestin, Nicolas Yanou Njintang (2020) · Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
Evaluation of the acute and subchronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Clerodendrum thomsoniae Linn in oral route
Eric Martial Deutchoua Ngounou, Faustin Dongmo, Yannick Dimitry Mang, Slestin Sokeng Dongmo (2020) · Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

Other Clerodendrum 7 in the reference

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive)
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 96 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.