Cyclamen coum Mill.
Eastern Cyclamen, Eastern Sowbread, round-leaved cyclamen
Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.
Summary
Cyclamen coum, the eastern sowbread, is a species of flowering plant in the family Primulaceae. It is a tuberous herbaceous perennial, growing to 5–8 cm (2–3 in), with rounded heart-shaped leaves and pink shell-shaped flowers with darker coloration at the base. It is valued in horticulture as groundcover, and for the flowers which bloom in winter and early spring.
Text from Wikipedia, “Cyclamen coum”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.
About the genus · Cyclamen
Cyclamen is a genus of 25 species of perennial flowering plants in the family Primulaceae. In English, it is known by the common name sowbread, or, by the genus name as cyclamen. The species are native to Europe and the Mediterranean Basin east to the Caucasus and Iran, with one species in Somalia. More on Wikipedia ›
The opening of Wikipedia, “Cyclamen”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.
At a glance
Also known as Cyclamen caucasicum Willd. ex Stev.; Cyclamen coum subsp. alpinum O.Schwarz; Cyclamen hiemale Hilebr.; Cyclamen kusnezowii Kotov & Czernova.
Cultivation
Grouped as a bulb, tuber or caudex by the genus Cyclamen, which is reliably one kind of plant (archetype table). The table holds no figure for this group, which spans too much for one minimum; the cold floor is the habitat's alone, and no prose comes from the table.
Its year Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (September to January and May to July in the northern hemisphere).
This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.
The rain rule reads no season: 70% of the year's rain (1056 mm of 1502 mm) takes 8 months, September to January and May to July. Mean temperature moves 21.0 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: November to January and March to July.
Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.
Rain Habitat rain 1502 mm a year, wettest December at 157 mm, driest August at 108 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).
This species’ habitat figures, with their source.
1502 mm a year at the habitat, 1056 mm of it September to January and May to July. Wettest month December at 157 mm, driest August at 108 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 711 mm to 2536 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).
CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.
Light Open sky over the habitat: 9 to 40 mol/m²/day.
This species’ habitat figures, with their source.
Open sky over the habitat: 9 to 40 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 8, the highest 90th-percentile month 44).
CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.
Warmth and air Cold floor -11.5 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
This species’ habitat figures, with their source.
Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is -11.5 °C, the absolute minimum -24.6 °C, about 70 frost nights a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 37.9 °C. Monthly means: coldest night -3.2 °C in February (across the envelope cells -7.4 °C to 2.8 °C), warmest day 25.2 °C in August (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: -11.5 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).
NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.
Relative humidity at the habitat: 60 to 62% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.
CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.
The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.
Climate across the habitat
Figures by month
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day °C | 4 / 1–8 | 5 / 2–8 | 9 / 5–11 | 14 / 11–17 | 18 / 16–21 | 22 / 19–25 | 25 / 22–28 | 25 / 22–28 | 22 / 18–24 | 17 / 14–20 | 10 / 8–14 | 6 / 3–10 |
| Night °C | -3 / -8–3 | -3 / -7–3 | -0 / -4–5 | 5 / 1–8 | 10 / 6–13 | 14 / 10–17 | 17 / 13–20 | 17 / 12–21 | 13 / 8–18 | 8 / 4–14 | 3 / -2–9 | -1 / -6–5 |
| Rain mm | 140 / 37–258 | 115 / 40–211 | 112 / 50–202 | 111 / 54–173 | 122 / 47–179 | 121 / 41–186 | 116 / 31–176 | 108 / 34–159 | 121 / 40–196 | 127 / 56–241 | 152 / 54–298 | 157 / 44–279 |
| DLI | 11 / 9–16 | 17 / 15–22 | 24 / 22–29 | 31 / 29–34 | 36 / 34–40 | 40 / 37–44 | 40 / 36–44 | 36 / 33–39 | 27 / 26–31 | 19 / 17–22 | 12 / 10–16 | 9 / 8–14 |
| RH % | 61 / 58–65 | 60 / 59–63 | 60 / 58–62 | 60 / 58–61 | 61 / 57–63 | 62 / 56–64 | 61 / 55–66 | 61 / 55–65 | 61 / 57–64 | 61 / 58–63 | 60 / 57–64 | 60 / 58–65 |
Each figure is the median across the 273 grid cells holding the 658 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 907:4382 (44.625, 39.125). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -24.6 °C, 1st-percentile night -11.5 °C, 99th-percentile day 37.9 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 273 distinct grid cells holding the 658 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 907:4382 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 44.50_39.375, lapse-corrected -164 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 117 m (cell mean).
Natural habitat
Photographs
Photographs: (c) Patrick Hacker, some rights reserved (CC BY) (8).
Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.
Papers naming this species
Works whose title or abstract names Cyclamen coum, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.
Related
Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.
Helleborus orientalis Lenten Rose
Brunnera macrophylla Great Forget-me-not
Scilla litardierei Amethyst Meadow Squill
Philadelphus coronarius European mock-orange
Crocus tommasinianus Early CrocusOther Cyclamen 2 in the reference
History & registers
Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)wcvp.distribution answeredgbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zamclimate answeredwikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skippedinat.taxon not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive)inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skippedinat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)gbif.media answeredopenalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skippedEvery upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 44 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.








