Species
+

Harpullia pendula Planch. ex F.Muell.

Black Tulip, Moreton Bay tulipwood, Queensland tulipwood, black tulipwood

Climate known 93 photographs
Add one to my plants Sow seed

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Harpullia pendula, commonly known as tulipwood, mogun-mogun, tulip lancewood, Queensland tulipwood, black tulipwood or black tulip, is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae, and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a tree with paripinnate leaves, the leaflets elliptic to egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, greenish yellow flowers, and yellow to reddish capsules.

Text from Wikipedia, “Harpullia pendula”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Harpullia

Harpullia is a genus of about 27 species of small to medium-sized rainforest trees from the family Sapindaceae. They have a wide distribution ranging from India eastwards through Malesia, Papuasia and Australasia to the Pacific Islands. They grow naturally usually in or on the margins of rainforests or associated vegetation. More on Wikipedia ›

The opening of Wikipedia, “Harpullia”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Sapindaceae
Described by
Planch. ex F.Muell.
Native to
New South Wales, Queensland
Wild records
761 in range· 617 open

At a glance

Warmest month
28°C
Jan, mean day; nights 21 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
1136mm/yr
12 wet months · peak Feb 179 mm (CHELSA)
Light
20–41DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Rain rule: a summer growing season, May to October in the northern hemisphere (November to April at the habitat, southern). Habitat rain 1136 mm a year, wettest February at 179 mm, driest September at 39 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 20 to 41 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 4.0 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Harpulia pendula F.Muell.; Harpullia pendula Planch.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: a summer growing season, May to October in the northern hemisphere (November to April at the habitat, southern).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the year's rain (797 mm of 1136 mm) falls in November to April, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 22.8 °C against a yearly mean of 19.7 °C). Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: May to October.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 1136 mm a year, wettest February at 179 mm, driest September at 39 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

1136 mm a year at the habitat, 797 mm of it November to April. Wettest month February at 179 mm, driest September at 39 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 845 mm to 1817 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 20 to 41 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 20 to 41 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 19, the highest 90th-percentile month 43).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 4.0 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 4.0 °C, the absolute minimum 0.5 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 39.7 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 10.2 °C in July (across the envelope cells 6.3 °C to 15.4 °C), warmest day 28.2 °C in January (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 4.0 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 56 to 63% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 19 °C in Jul to 28 °C in Jan; mean night from 10 °C in Jul to 21 °C in Jan. The cold quarter, Jun to Aug, is the three months around the coldest night. 1136 mm of rain a year, most in Feb. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 463 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was 0.5 °C and the 99th-percentile day 39.7 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.-10°10°20°30°40°50°frost39.7° 99th-percentile day (undated)0.5° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400mm rainDLI 20–41RH 56–63 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 463 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C28 / 26–3127 / 26–3026 / 25–2924 / 22–2722 / 19–2419 / 17–2219 / 17–2220 / 18–2323 / 21–2625 / 23–2826 / 24–2928 / 26–30
Night °C21 / 18–2421 / 18–2419 / 16–2317 / 14–2114 / 11–1911 / 8–1610 / 6–1511 / 7–1613 / 10–1816 / 13–2018 / 15–2220 / 17–23
Rain mm143 / 100–308179 / 122–359126 / 77–226101 / 54–19386 / 45–16460 / 37–12142 / 27–8040 / 29–6839 / 23–6572 / 40–95106 / 79–140142 / 115–194
DLI40 / 39–4236 / 34–3833 / 31–3627 / 26–3122 / 21–2620 / 19–2522 / 21–2628 / 27–3135 / 34–3939 / 37–4341 / 39–4341 / 40–43
RH %62 / 59–6663 / 60–6762 / 59–6661 / 59–6561 / 58–6459 / 57–6257 / 55–6056 / 54–6156 / 54–6158 / 56–6260 / 57–6361 / 58–64

Each figure is the median across the 463 grid cells holding the 731 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 2268:6594 (-23.425, 149.725). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 0.5 °C, 1st-percentile night 4.0 °C, 99th-percentile day 39.7 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 463 distinct grid cells holding the 731 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2268:6594 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -23.50_150.000, lapse-corrected +44 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 175 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeNew South Wales, Queensland
Kew's description“tree” · “wet tropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker-27.998, 153.001 · in the densest population, 395 records (52% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 761 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 617 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 38 km away. 37 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 30 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 761 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Harpullia pendulaHarpullia pendulaHarpullia pendulaHarpullia pendulaHarpullia pendulaHarpullia pendulaHarpullia pendulaHarpullia pendula

Photographs: (c) Greg Tasney, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (8).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Harpullia pendula, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Novel Green Biosynthesis of 5-Fluorouracil Chromium Nanoparticles Using Harpullia pendula Extract for Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Mohammed S. Saddik, Mahmoud M. A. Elsayed, Mohamed Salaheldin A. Abdelkader, Mohamed A. El‐Mokhtar (2021) · Pharmaceutics
Chemical constituents of Harpullia pendula
PW Khong, KG Lewis (1976) · Australian Journal of Chemistry
Harpulliasides A and B: Two new benzeneacetic acid derivatives from Harpullia pendula
Mohamed Salaheldin A. Abdelkader, Mostafa E. Rateb, Gamal A. Mohamed, Marcel Jaspars (2015) · Phytochemistry Letters
Chemical constituents of Harpullia pendula . II. Further constituents of the bark and leaves
RF Cherry, PW Khong, KG Lewis (1977) · Australian Journal of Chemistry
Isoprene Emission Factors for Subtropical Street Trees for Regional Air Quality Modeling
Kristina A. Dunn-Johnston, Jürgen Kreuzwieser, Satoshi Hirabayashi, Lyndal Plant (2015) · Journal of Environmental Quality
Two Triterpenoid Saponins with alpha-glucosidase Inhibitory Activity from Harpullia pendula Seed Extract
Marian Nabil, Neveen S. Ghaly, Iman A.A. Kassem, Mary H. Grace (2019) · Pharmacognosy Journal
Pendulaosides A and B. Two acylated triterpenoid saponins from Harpullia pendula seed extract
Neveen S. Ghaly, Marian Nabil, Mary H. Grace, Farouk R. Melek (2017) · Phytochemistry Letters
Harpullia pendula Planch leaves: phenolics, in vitro antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity
Sahar S. El Souda, RedaS Mohammed, FatenM Ibrahim, AzzaA Matloub (2017) · Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not asked
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 42 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.