Sam Kieschnick, BY via GBIF · observed growing wild

Hibiscus laevis All.

halberd-leaf rose-mallow, halberd-leaved rose-mallow, halberdleaf rosemallow, military hibiscus

Climate known 14 photographs

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Hibiscus laevis, the halberd-leaf rosemallow, is a herbaceous perennial flower native to central and eastern North America. Their showy, creamy-white or pink flowers are large, up to 15 centimetres (6 in) across, and are hard to miss. These flowers require exposure to sunlight to open up properly, and then last only a single day.

Text from Wikipedia, “Hibiscus laevis”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Hibiscus

Hibiscus is a genus of plants in the family Malvaceae native to the tropics and subtropics. The genus is quite large, comprising 319 species. Hibiscus are renowned for their large, showy flowers and those species are commonly known simply as "hibiscus", or less widely known as rose mallow. More on Wikipedia ›

The opening of Wikipedia, “Hibiscus”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family

Malvaceae

Described by

All.

Native to

Ontario, Illinois, Iowa +24

Wild records

702 in range· 98 open

At a glance

Warmest month

31°C

Jul, mean day; nights 22 °C (CHELSA)

Rain

1106mm/yr

12 wet months · peak May 122 mm (CHELSA)

Light

14–41DLI

mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)

In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person

Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (March to August and October to November in the northern hemisphere). Habitat rain 1106 mm a year, wettest May at 122 mm, driest February at 71 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 14 to 41 mol/m²/day. Cold floor -9.5 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Hibiscus coccineus var. virginicus Hochr.; Hibiscus hastatus Michx.; Hibiscus hastatus Michx. ex DC.; Hibiscus laevis Scop.; Hibiscus militaris Cav. and 3 more.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (March to August and October to November in the northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads no season: 70% of the year's rain (794 mm of 1106 mm) takes 8 months, March to August and October to November. Mean temperature moves 23.3 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: September to February and April to May.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 1106 mm a year, wettest May at 122 mm, driest February at 71 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

1106 mm a year at the habitat, 794 mm of it March to August and October to November. Wettest month May at 122 mm, driest February at 71 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 930 mm to 1387 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 14 to 41 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 14 to 41 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 10, the highest 90th-percentile month 44).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor -9.5 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is -9.5 °C, the absolute minimum -20.5 °C, about 65 frost nights a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 40.8 °C. Monthly means: coldest night -0.4 °C in January (across the envelope cells -8.3 °C to 6.8 °C), warmest day 31.4 °C in July (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: -9.5 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 55 to 59% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 465 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale

Figures by month

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Day °C	8 / -0–16	11 / 2–18	16 / 9–22	21 / 15–26	25 / 21–29	30 / 26–32	31 / 28–34	31 / 27–35	27 / 23–31	22 / 16–26	15 / 9–21	10 / 2–17
Night °C	-0 / -8–7	1 / -7–8	6 / -1–12	11 / 5–15	16 / 11–20	20 / 16–23	22 / 19–25	22 / 18–25	18 / 14–22	12 / 8–17	7 / 2–12	2 / -6–8
Rain mm	72 / 41–123	71 / 42–123	90 / 61–125	95 / 77–119	122 / 100–140	111 / 98–136	105 / 61–124	89 / 52–120	88 / 73–116	93 / 72–132	89 / 66–125	81 / 51–139
DLI	16 / 13–18	21 / 19–23	28 / 26–29	35 / 33–36	37 / 37–39	41 / 39–42	41 / 39–44	37 / 34–40	30 / 28–33	24 / 20–26	17 / 13–20	14 / 10–17
RH %	58 / 57–62	58 / 56–61	57 / 55–59	55 / 55–58	58 / 56–60	58 / 57–61	58 / 55–61	58 / 54–61	57 / 55–59	57 / 56–58	58 / 57–59	59 / 57–62

Each figure is the median across the 465 grid cells holding the 672 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1091:1728 (35.425, -93.575). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -20.5 °C, 1st-percentile night -9.5 °C, 99th-percentile day 40.8 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 465 distinct grid cells holding the 672 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1091:1728 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 35.50_-93.750, lapse-corrected -152 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 118 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.

Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

NativeOntario, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Wisconsin, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Texas, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia· introduced: Uzbekistan, New York

Kew's description“perennial or helophyte” · “temperate”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here

Map marker32.849, -96.879 · in the densest population, 375 records (53% of those in range)

Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 702 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 98 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 18 km away. 30 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.

The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 702 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Photographs: Sam Kieschnick, BY via GBIF · CC BY (3); Michelle W. （鍾偉瑋）, BY via GBIF · CC BY; Senna Bryce Robeson, BY via GBIF · CC BY (2); Annika Lindqvist, BY via GBIF · CC BY (2).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Hibiscus laevis, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Delayed autonomous self‐pollination in Hibiscus laevis (Malvaceae)

Robert A. Klips, Allison A. Snow (1997) · American Journal of Botany

Occurrence Download

GBIF.Org User (2023) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility

The vascular flora and vegetational communities of Mississinewa Woods in Randolph County, Indiana.

Donald G. Ruch, Kemuel S. Badger, Brittney C. Daugherty, Byron G. Torke (2016) · Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science

Effects of Natural/anthropogenic Stressors and a Chemical Contaminant on Pre and Post Mycorrhizal Colonization in Wetland Plants

Bishnu R. Twanabasu (2013)

Occurrence Download