Wisteria frutescens, Mississippi Sandhill Crane National Wildlife Refuge, Jackson, Mississippi, United States

Wisteria frutescens (L.) Poir.

American wisteria, Texas Wisteria

Climate known 79 photographs Temperate garden plant

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Wisteria frutescens is a woody, deciduous, perennial climbing vine, one of various wisterias of the family Fabaceae. It is native to the wet forests and stream banks of the southeastern United States, with a range stretching from the states of Virginia to Texas and extending southeast through Florida, also north to Iowa, Michigan, and New York.

Text from Wikipedia, “Wisteria frutescens”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Wisteria

Wisteria is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae (Leguminosae). The genus includes four species of woody twining vines that are native to China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, southern Canada, the Eastern United States, and north of Iran. They were later introduced to England, France, Germany and various other countries in Europe. More on Wikipedia ›

The opening of Wikipedia, “Wisteria”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family

Fabaceae

Described by

(L.) Poir.

Native to

Illinois, Iowa, Missouri +25

Wild records

1444 in range· 742 open

At a glance

Warmest month

31°C

Jul, mean day; nights 22 °C (CHELSA)

Rain

1228mm/yr

12 wet months · peak Jul 117 mm (CHELSA)

Light

14–40DLI

mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)

In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person

Grouped as a temperate garden plant by the genus Wisteria, which is reliably one kind of plant (archetype table). Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 9 months (March to September and November to December in the northern hemisphere). Habitat rain 1228 mm a year, wettest July at 117 mm, driest February at 91 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 14 to 40 mol/m²/day. Cold floor -9.1 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Apios frutescens (L.) Pursh; Bradlea frutescens (L.) Britton; Bradlea macrostachya (Torr. & A.Gray) Small; Glycine caerulea Salisb.; Glycine frutescens L. and 9 more.

Cultivation

Grouped as a temperate garden plant by the genus Wisteria, which is reliably one kind of plant (archetype table). The table holds no figure for this group, which spans too much for one minimum; the cold floor is the habitat's alone, and no prose comes from the table.

Its year Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 9 months (March to September and November to December in the northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads no season: 70% of the year's rain (951 mm of 1228 mm) takes 9 months, March to September and November to December. Mean temperature moves 22.1 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: September to March and May to June.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 1228 mm a year, wettest July at 117 mm, driest February at 91 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

1228 mm a year at the habitat, 951 mm of it March to September and November to December. Wettest month July at 117 mm, driest February at 91 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 1035 mm to 1509 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 14 to 40 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 14 to 40 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 11, the highest 90th-percentile month 41).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor -9.1 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is -9.1 °C, the absolute minimum -25.9 °C, about 77 frost nights a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 37.3 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 0.3 °C in January (across the envelope cells -6.1 °C to 6.6 °C), warmest day 31.2 °C in July (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: -9.1 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 56 to 60% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 1140 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale

Figures by month

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Day °C	9 / 2–16	12 / 4–18	16 / 8–21	21 / 15–25	26 / 20–29	29 / 25–32	31 / 28–33	30 / 27–33	27 / 23–30	22 / 16–26	16 / 10–21	10 / 4–17
Night °C	0 / -6–7	2 / -5–8	6 / -1–11	10 / 5–14	15 / 10–19	20 / 16–22	22 / 18–24	22 / 18–24	18 / 14–21	12 / 8–17	7 / 3–12	2 / -3–8
Rain mm	92 / 61–130	91 / 61–138	109 / 80–145	101 / 78–122	109 / 83–139	113 / 98–156	117 / 93–166	104 / 76–170	101 / 82–132	94 / 76–121	96 / 71–125	101 / 70–139
DLI	16 / 13–19	21 / 19–24	28 / 26–31	35 / 32–38	38 / 37–41	40 / 39–41	39 / 38–41	35 / 34–38	30 / 27–32	24 / 20–27	17 / 13–21	14 / 11–17
RH %	58 / 56–60	57 / 55–59	56 / 55–58	56 / 54–58	58 / 56–60	59 / 57–62	60 / 57–63	60 / 57–64	59 / 57–61	58 / 56–59	58 / 57–59	59 / 57–60

Each figure is the median across the 1140 grid cells holding the 1319 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1075:2020 (36.225, -78.975). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -25.9 °C, 1st-percentile night -9.1 °C, 99th-percentile day 37.3 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 1140 distinct grid cells holding the 1319 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1075:2020 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 36.00_-78.750, lapse-corrected +64 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 187 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.

Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

NativeIllinois, Iowa, Missouri, Oklahoma, Connecticut, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode I., West Virginia, Texas, Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia

Kew's description“liana” · “temperate”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here

Map marker38.895, -76.99 · in the densest population, 708 records (49% of those in range)

Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 1444 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 742 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 15 km away. 23 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 125 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.

The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 1444 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Photographs: (c) Lauren McLaurin, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) Emily Franzen, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); no rights reserved · CC0; (c) Scott Cave, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Becca, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Ryan Sorrells, some rights reserved (CC BY).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Wisteria frutescens, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Phylogenomics and biogeography of Wisteria: Implications on plastome evolution among inverted repeat‐lacking clade (IRLC) legumes

Maoqin Xia, Ren‐Yu Liao, Jinting Zhou, Hanyang Lin (2021) · Journal of Systematics and Evolution

Structural analysis of oleanane‐type saponins from the roots of Wisteria frutescens

Anne‐Sophie Champy, Anne‐Claire Mitaine‐Offer, Tomofumi Miyamoto, Chiaki Tanaka (2016) · Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry

A VIGNETTE OF BOTANY IN THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT: THE STORY OF CATESBY'S CLIMBER OR THE CAROLINA KIDNEY BEAN TREE,WISTERIA FRUTESCENS

James A. Compton (2015) · Curtis s Botanical Magazine

Wisteria frutescens, American Wisteria, ‘Betty Matthews’ First Editions® Summer Cascade™

Stan C. Hokanson, Steven T. McNamara, K. Zuzek, Mike Zins (2015) · HortScience

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